{"id":875,"date":"2021-03-16T12:04:41","date_gmt":"2021-03-16T04:04:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/81.69.189.102\/?p=875"},"modified":"2021-03-16T12:04:41","modified_gmt":"2021-03-16T04:04:41","slug":"%e5%8d%b0%e5%ba%a6%e5%b0%bc%e8%a5%bf%e4%ba%9a%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%97%e6%95%99%e7%a4%bc%e4%bf%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/2021\/03\/16\/875\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u793c\u4fd7"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>\u539f\u59cb\u5b97\u6559<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.\u7cbe\u7075\u5d07\u62dc<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7cbe\u7075\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u6709\u7075\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u7075\u5d07\u62dc\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4ecd\u6709\u9887\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e07\u7269\u6709\u7075\uff0c\u7075\u9b42\u4e0d\u706d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u6995\u6811\u4e0b\u8bb8\u613f\uff0c\u6995\u6811\u7684\u7cbe\u7075\u5c31\u4f1a\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u613f\u671b\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u6258\u62c9\u67e5\u65cf\u5728\u6536\u83b7\u7a3b\u8c37\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u5927\u58f0\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u751f\u6015\u5413\u8d70\u4e86\u7a3b\u8c37\u7684\u7cbe\u7075\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u6b49\u6536\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u7075\u5c31\u662f\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u8eaf\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u7075\u9b42\u4fbf\u79bb\u5f00\u8eaf\u4f53\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u8fd8\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u80fd\u9644\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3001\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6216\u4ed6\u7684\u5934\u53d1\u3001\u6307\u7532\u7b49\u4e0a\u9762\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u4ee5\u522b\u4eba\u6216\u4ed6\u7269\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u6765\u517b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u3002\u5df4\u8fbe\u514b\u4eba\u539f\u6709\u98df\u4eba\u7684\u98ce\u4fd7\u5373\u4e0e\u6b64\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u7948\u6c42\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u8bc5\u5492\u7075\u9b42\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7cbe\u7075\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4fe1\u5949\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u5b97\u6559\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u201c\u7075\u9b42\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u7cbe\u7075&#8221;\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u4f53\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u6709\u533a\u522b\u3002\u7075\u9b42\u662f\u5c45\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u8eaf\u4f53\u5185\u4e3b\u5bb0\u8eaf\u4f53\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u4f53\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b97\u6559\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u662f\u7075\u9b42\u79bb\u8eaf\u4f53\u800c\u53bb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8ff7\u4fe1\u7684\u4eba\u628a\u7075\u9b42\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u9644\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u8eaf\u4f53\u4e0a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bb0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u7075\u9b42\u79bb\u5f00\u8eaf\u4f53\u540e\u4eba\u5373\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u800c\u7cbe\u7075\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u795e\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u4f53\uff0c\u5730\u4f4d\u4f4e\u4e8e\u795e\u800c\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e14\u795e\u901a\u5e7f\u5927\uff1b\u6709\u5584\u826f\u7684\u4e5f\u6709\u90aa\u6076\u7684\uff0c\u5584\u8005\u53ef\u52a9\u76ca\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u6076\u8005\u5219\u4f1a\u5371\u5bb3\u4eba\u7c7b\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u628a\u7cbe\u7075\u770b\u4f5c\u201c\u9b3c\u602a\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.\u56fe\u817e\u5d07\u62dc<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u56fe\u817e\u5d07\u62dc\u4e5f\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u72e9\u730e\u6c0f\u65cf\u591a\u4ee5\u52a8\u7269\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u6c0f\u65cf\u7684\u56fe\u817e\uff0c\u755c\u7267\u4e1a\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u51fa\u73b0\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u628a\u7272\u755c\u548c\u676d\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c0f\u65cf\u7684\u56fe\u818a\uff0c\u6c0f\u65cf\u8054\u5408\u4e3a\u90fd\u843d\u65f6\u4e5f\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u90e8\u843d\u7684\u56fe\u817e\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5370\u5c3c\u6c11\u65cf\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u864e\u548c\u8c79\u662f\u5df4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u7279\u6c0f\u65cf\u7684\u56fe\u817e\uff1b\u72d7\u662f\u4e1c\u666e\u5c14\u6c0f\u65cf\u7684\u56fe\u9e4f:\u72fc\u548c\u5c71\u7f8a\u662f\u9521\u52d2\u52a0\u5c14\u6c0f\u65cf\u7684\u56fe\u818a\uff1a\u9e3d\u5b50\u662f\u54c8\u62c9\u54c8\u666e\u6c0f\u65cf\u7684\u56fe\u817e\uff1a\u732b\u662f\u9521\u535a\u65af\u535a\u65af\u6c0f\u65cf\u7684\u56fe\u817e\uff1a\u6c34\u725b\u662f\u7c73\u5357\u52a0\u4fdd\u6c0f\u65cf\u7684\u56fe\u817e\u7b49\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6c0f\u65cf\u56fe\u817e\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u690d\u7269\u90fd\u662f\u672c\u6c0f\u65cf\u7981\u6b62\u98df\u7528\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u56fe\u817e\u5d07\u62dc\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u56fe\u817e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u690d\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.\u7956\u5148\u5d07\u62dc<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\uff0c\u7956\u5148\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u98ce\u4fd7\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6c0f\u65cf\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7956\u5148\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u5370\u5c3c\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e61\u6751\uff0c\u6751\u53e3\u6216\u6751\u4e2d\u592e\u7ad6\u4e00\u6728\u96d5\u50cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u96d5\u50cf\u5373\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u6c0f\u65cf\u7684\u6751\u6c11\u7684\u7956\u5148\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u6728\u96d5\u50cf\u4e2d\u65e2\u6709\u7537\u5b50\u96d5\u50cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5973\u5b50\u96d5\u50cf\u3002\u722a\u54c7\u4eba\u628a\u725b\u76ae\u5236\u6210\u4e8c\u767e\u591a\u79cd\u4eba\u5f62\uff0c\u7528\u706f\u5149\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u5f71\u5c04\u5728\u767d\u5e03\u5e55\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u6f14\u7ece\u7956\u5148\u7075\u9b42\u7684\u76ae\u5f71\u620f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u800c\u7956\u4f20\u7684\u5b9d\u7269\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bc4\u6258\u7740\u7956\u5b97\u7684\u7075\u9b42\uff0c\u80fd\u8d50\u798f\u79b3\u707e\u3002\u5982\u4eba\u4eec\u628a\u7956\u4f20\u7684\u683c\u5229\u65af\u5251\u5949\u4e3a\u795e\u7269\u3002\u8fbe\u96c5\u514b\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6708\u4eae\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u6bcf\u5f53\u6708\u98df\u4e4b\u65f6\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u4fbf\u4e3a\u5973\u513f\u8654\u8bda\u5730\u796d\u62dc\u6708\u4eae\uff0c\u7948\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5973\u513f\u5728\u7956\u5148\u7684\u4fdd\u4f51\u4e0b\u627e\u5230\u5982\u610f\u90ce\u541b\u3002\u9634\u95f4\u7684\u7956\u5b97\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e87\u62a4\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u964d\u7978\u4e8e\u6d3b\u7740\u7684\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u751f\u8005\u5e94\u5584\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u7956\u5b97\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u589e\u8fdb\u90e8\u65cf\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u3001\u5174\u65fa\uff0c\u6253\u51fb\u635f\u5bb3\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u4ec7\u654c\u3002\u5df4\u5398\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u6559\u5f92\u5c45\u6c11\u9664\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7956\u5148\u7075\u9b42\u56de\u5f52\u7684\u201c\u4f4f\u6240\u201d\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u8df3\u796d\u7956\u821e\u8e48\u3002\u796d\u7940\u4e4b\u65e5\uff0c\u7537\u4eba\u5efa\u9020\u796d\u575b\u3001\u5e03\u7f6e\u796d\u573a\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u5219\u5934\u9876\u9ad8\u9ad8\u7684\u51e0\u5c42\u4f9b\u54c1\uff0c\u6392\u7740\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u884c\u5217\u7f13\u6b65\u4eba\u573a\u3002\u7136\u540e\u7fe9\u7fe9\u8d77\u821e\uff0c\u7948\u6c42\u795e\u7684\u5e87\u62a4\uff0c\u4e5f\u629a\u6170\u7956\u5148\u7684\u4ea1\u7075\u3002\u7956\u5148\u5d07\u62dc\u5728\u4fe1\u5949\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.\u795e\u7075\u5d07\u62dc<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u4fe1\u9b3c\u795e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u795e\u7075\u9b3c\u9b42\u662f\u8089\u773c\u770b\u4e0d\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u7ed9\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u7978\u798f\u3002\u5df4\u8fbe\u514b\u4eba\u6709\u8428\u6ee1(Shamanism) \u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u5373\u795e\u5deb\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3002\u8428\u6ee1\u6216\u795e\u5deb\u8bf7\u6c42\u795e\u9b3c\u9644\u8eab\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5411\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u8f6c\u8fbe\u795e\u9b3c\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u5c9b\u897f\u4fa7\u7684\u660e\u8fbe\u5a01\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u4e3a\u907f\u9b3c\u800c\u5728\u6751\u53e3\u7ad6\u7acb\u62dc\u67f1\u3002 \u62dc\u67f1\u6709\u795e\u7075\u7684\u6cd5\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u62d2\u9b3c\u4e8e\u6751\u5916\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u56e0\u7075\u9b42\u6682\u65f6\u8131\u58f3\uff0c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u5931\u9b42\u3002\u4eba\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u79bb\u4f53\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u53d8\u6210\u9b3c\uff0c\u9b3c\u5e26\u75be\u75c5\u5230\u4eba\u95f4\u3002\u5f53\u9b3c\u5e26\u75c5\u56de\u6751\u65f6\uff0c\u9047\u89c1\u62dc\u67f1\u4f1a\u79bb\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u722a\u54c7\u4eba\u53d7\u722a\u54c7\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u5f71\u54cd\u5f88\u6df1\uff0c\u5deb\u5e08\u7684\u8a00\u8c08\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u4e0d\u5c11\u4fe1\u4f17\u3002\u6b64\u79cd\u795e\u79d8\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u722a\u54c7\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5b97\u6559\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6587\u5316\u5177\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u6027\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u795e\u7075\u5d07\u62dc\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u795e\u7075\u5185\u6db5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5370\u5c3c\u827a\u672f\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u539f\u59cb\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6b8b\u4f59\uff0c\u5e76\u5f62\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u3001\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u65cf\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u738b\u53d7\u4e1a\uff0c\u6881\u654f\u548c\uff0c\u5218\u65b0\u751f.\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a[M].\u5317\u4eac:\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006:24-27.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8282 \u4f5b\u6559\u793c\u4fd7<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u5ea6\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u7ea6\u5360\u4eba\u53e3\u76840.9%\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u534e\u4eba\u96c6\u4e2d\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002\u65e9\u5728\u516c\u51433\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u5c31\u5df2\u4f20\u5165\u5370\u5c3c\uff0c\u5728\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u4e16\u6d2a\u3001\u722a\u54c7\u548c\u82cf\u62c9\u5a01\u897f\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u963f\u7f57\u8dcb\u80dd\u5f0f\u7684\u77f3\u4f5b\u50cf\u548c\u94dc\u4f5b\u50cf\u5c31\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u81ea\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u5411\u722a\u54c7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4f20\u5165\u5219\u59cb\u4e8e\u516c\u51435\u4e16\u7eaa\u3002\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5510\u4ee3\u9ad8\u50e7\u4e49\u51c0\u300a\u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u6c42\u6cd5\u9ad8\u50e7\u4f20\u300b\u8f7d\uff0c\u7f7d\u5bbe\u56fd\uff08\u4eca\u514b\u4ec0\u7c73\u5c14\uff09\u738b\u5b50\u6c42\u90a3\u8dcb\u6469\u4ee5\u4e16\u4e71\u51fa\u5bb6\u4fee\u9053\uff0c\u4e8e420\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u9601\u5a46\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e2d\u722a\u54c7\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5b\u6559\u738b\u56fd\uff0c\u5d07\u5949\u5c0f\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u3002\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6c42\u90a3\u8dcb\u6469\u628a\u5c0f\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u6d3e\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u201c\u8bf4\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u90e8\u201d\u4f20\u5165\u5370\u5c3c\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5370\u5c3c\u7b49\u5468\u56f4\u5c9b\u56fd\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b97\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u516c\u51437\u4e16\u7eaa\u8d77\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u5f00\u59cb\u5174\u76db\u3002\u636e\u4e49\u51c0\u300a\u5357\u6d77\u5bc4\u5f52\u5185\u6cd5\u4f20\u300b\u8f7d\uff0c\u5ba4\u5229\u4f5b\u901d\uff08\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\uff09\u6709\u50e7\u4fa3\u5343\u4f59\u540d\u3002\u897f\u884c\u6c42\u6cd5\u8005\u7686\u505c\u7559\u6b64\u5904\u4e00\u4e24\u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u518d\u524d\u5f80\u5370\u5ea6\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4f20\u5165\u4e5f\u4e0e\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b8b\u5143\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u76db\u884c\u201c\u4f5b\u6559\u3001\u9053\u6559\u548c\u5112\u6559\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e09\u6559\u6587\u5316\u968f\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5370\u5c3c\u901a\u5546\u5f80\u6765\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u6e20\u9053\u4f20\u5165\u5370\u5c3c\u3002\u5510\u4ee3\u9ad8\u50e7\u4f1a\u5b81\u5728\u516c\u5143664~665\u5e74\u95f4\u62b5\u722a\u54c7\u7684\u8bc3\u9675\uff0c\u7f81\u65c5\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u4e0e\u5370\u5c3c\u50e7\u4eba\u82e5\u90a3\u8dcb\u9640\u7f57\u5171\u540c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5b\u7ecf\u300a\u963f\u7b08\u6469\u7ecf\u300b\u3002\u516c\u5143671~695\u5e74\u517125\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u4e49\u51c0\u8d74\u5370\u5ea6\u53d6\u7ecf\u5f80\u8fd4\u4e8e\u4e2d\u3001\u5370\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u66fe\u4e09\u6b21\u5728\u5ba4\u5229\u4f5b\u901d\u7f81\u7559\uff0c\u5b66\u4e60\u68b5\u6587\uff0c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5b\u7ecf\uff0c\u5171\u5341\u4f59\u5e74\u3002\u4ed6\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u5357\u6d77\u5bc4\u5f52\u5185\u6cd5\u4f20\u300b\u56db\u5377\u548c\u300a\u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u6c42\u6cd5\u9ad8\u50e7\u4f20\u300b\u4e24\u5377\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4f5b\u6559\u53f2\u548c\u4e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u901a\u53f2\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53f2\u6599\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8d74\u5ba4\u5229\u4f5b\u901d\u3001\u672b\u7f57\u6e38\u548c\u8bc3\u9675\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u50e7\u4eba\u6709\u5341\u4f59\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u5c3c\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u6709\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u3002\u5728\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u5de8\u6e2f\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5ba4\u5229\u4f5b\u901d\u738b\u56fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u4e1a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u5370\u5ea6\u8457\u540d\u9ad8\u50e7\u590f\u57fa\u963f\u57fa\u5c14\u7279\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u90a3\u70c2\u9640\u9ad8\u50e7\u8fbe\u6469\u5a46\u7f57\u7b49\u66fe\u5230\u5ba4\u5229\u4f5b\u901d\u767b\u575b\u8bb2\u5b66\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u3002\u5728\u5df4\u6797\u90a6\u8fd1\u90ca\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u8fbe\u6717\u00b7\u571f\u5965\u7891\u6587\uff0c\u4e0a\u954c\u201c\u613f\u4e00\u5207\u4f17\u751f\u7686\u7686\u6210\u65e0\u4e0a\u6b63\u89c9\u201d\uff0c\u7f72\u5e74\u4e3a684\u5e74\u3002\u7531\u5e74\u4ee3\u89c2\u4e4b\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5927\u4e58\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u300a\u5357\u6d77\u5bc4\u5f52\u5185\u6cd5\u4f20\u300b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ea6\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u8bf8\u5dde\u5341\u4f59\u56fd\u4e2d\uff0c\u7686\u4fe1\u4e0a\u5ea7\u4f5b\u6559\uff0c\u552f\u672b\u7f57\u6e38\uff08\u5373\u4eca\u5df4\u6797\u90a6\uff09\u7a0d\u6709\u5927\u4e58\u3002\u201d\u6b64\u5916\uff0c719\u5e74\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b8f\u4f20\u5bc6\u6559\u7684\u91d1\u521a\u667a\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u6ede\u7559\u4f5b\u901d\u7559\u4e94\u4e2a\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>8\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u4e3b\u8981\u6d41\u4f20\u6709\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559\uff0c\u5373\u5c0f\u4e58\u4f1f\u4f5b\u6559\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u5316\u7684\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u65f6\u671f\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u3002\u516c\u5143718\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u5370\u5ea6\u5927\u4e58\u5bc6\u6559\u201d\u4e94\u7956\u201d\u91d1\u521a\u667a\u5c06\u5927\u4e58\u5bc6\u6559\u4f20\u5165\u5370\u5c3c\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u722a\u54c7\u7684\u590f\u8fde\u7279\u62c9\u738b\u671d\u5949\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u590f\u8fde\u7279\u62c9\u738b\u671d\u4e8e8\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u722a\u54c7\u65e5\u60f9\u9644\u8fd1\u5174\u5efa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5a46\u7f57\u6d6e\u5c60\u4f5b\u5854\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f5b\u5854\u3002\u8be5\u4f5b\u5854\u5854\u5e95\u5448\u65b9\u5f62\uff0c\u5854\u8eab\u4e3a\u4e94\u5c42\u65b9\u5f62\u77f3\u53f0\uff0c\u6108\u5f80\u4e0a\u6108\u5c0f\uff0c\u56db\u5468\u6709\u56de\u5eca\uff0c\u4e24\u4fa7\u58c1\u9762\u5e03\u6ee1\u6d6e\u96d5\u3002\u9876\u90e8\u4e09\u5c42\u4e3a\u5706\u53f0\uff0c\u4e0a\u670972\u5ea7\u9542\u7a7a\u7684\u5c0f\u4f5b\u5854\u73af\u7acb\u3002\u6bcf\u5ea7\u4f5b\u5854\u4e2d\u5b89\u7f6e\u4e00\u5c0a\u5750\u4f5b\u3002\u6700\u4e0a\u5c42\u7684\u6b63\u4e2d\u592e\u4e3a\u8986\u94b5\u5f62\u7684\u5927\u4f5b\u5854,\u76f4\u5f8416 \u7c73,\u9ad835\u7c73\uff0c\u6c14\u52bf\u96c4\u6d51\u3002\u8fd9\u5ea7\u5b8f\u4f1f\u58ee\u89c2\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5efa\u7b51\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e07\u91cc\u957f\u57ce\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u548c\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u7684\u5434\u54e5\u53e4\u8ff9\u9f50\u540d,\u88ab\u4e16\u4eba\u8a89\u4e3a\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u56db\u5927\u5947\u8ff9\u3002\u4f5b\u5854\u4f4d\u4e8e\u65e5\u60f9\u4ee5\u531742\u516c\u91cc\u5904\uff0c\u5efa\u4e8e\u516c\u5143760\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u662f\u590f\u8fde\u7279\u62c9\u56fd\u738b\u4e3a\u6536\u85cf\u91ca\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u9aa8\u7070\u800c\u5efa\u9020\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u73b0\u5b58\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f5b\u5854\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u6559\u79d1\u6587\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c06\u5b83\u5217\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u540d\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5a46\u7f57\u6d6e\u5c60\u4f5b\u5854\u9644\u8fd1\u8fd8\u6709\u6ee1\u90fd\u7279\u548c\u5e15\u4e07\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4f5b\u5854\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u5927\u4e58\u6559\u9675\u5e99\uff0c\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5bc6\u5b97\u6559\u4e49\u3002\u9664\u5a46\u7f57\u6d6e\u5c60\u5916\uff0c\u722a\u54c7\u52b3\u52a8\u4fdd\u62a4\u7528\u54c1\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u9675\u5e99\u8fd8\u6709\uff1a\u4e2d\u722a\u54c7\u7684\u5361\u62c9\u73ca\u9675\u5e99\u3001\u8428\u91cc\u9675\u5e99\u3001\u6e7f\u96fe\u9675\u5e99\u3001\u5df4\u65fa\u9675\u5e99\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e1c\u722a\u54c7\u7684\u52a0\u9ad8\u9675\u5e99\u3001\u5b8b\u52c3\u62c9\u5b9b\u9675\u5e99\u7b49\u3002\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u7684\u8457\u540d\u4f5b\u6559\u9057\u5740\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8be5\u5c9b\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u5df4\u4e1c\u62c9\u74e6\u65af\u9675\u5e99\u7fa4\uff0c\u5b83\u5efa\u4e8e11~14\u4e16\u7eaa\u671f\u95f4\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u9675\u5e99\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u722a\u54c7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>10\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u81f316\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u534a\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5e76\u884c\u300213\u4e16\u7eaa\u5728\u4f4d\u7684\u514b\u8fbe\u90a3\u683c\u62c9\u738b(Kertanagara, 1268~1292)\u751a\u81f3\u4e8c\u8005\u4e0d\u5206\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u5efa\u7684\u9601\u7ef4(Jawi)\u5bfa\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5c42\u5efa\u7b51\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c42\u4e3b\u7940\u795e\uff0c\u4e0a\u5c42\u5219\u4f9b\u5949\u4f5b\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u738b\u671d\u9a6c\u906e\u6d3e\u7279\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u52bf\u529b\u6700\u5f3a\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u722a\u54c7\u5e1d\u56fd\u3002\u8be5\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u62c9\u9601\u6c99\u90a3\u8fe6\u90a3(Rajasanagara,1350~ 1389\u5728\u4f4d)\u4e3a\u4e86\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u5f81\u6536\u79df\u7a0e\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u66fe\u5229\u7528\u50e7\u4fa3\u5230\u5404\u5730\u5e7f\u4f20\u4f5b\u6559\u3002\u5176\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u56de\u6559\u4f20\u5165\u540e\uff0c\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u95f4\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u5904\u5728\u505c\u987f\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u518d\u5ea6\u590d\u5174\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u4f1a\u6ca1\u6709\u751a\u591a\u5206\u4f1a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u5c45\u58eb\u4f1a\u53ca\u4f5b\u6559\u9752\u5e74\u56e2\u3002\u5168\u5370\u5c3c\u7ea6\u6709\u4f5b\u5bfa\u6570\u767e\u6240\u30021954 \u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u3001\u5927\u4e58\u663e\u6559\u4e0e\u5bc6\u6559\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u5b97\u6d3e\u30021957 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e09\u5b9d\u7684\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u5b66\u793e\u3001\u68c9\u5170\u7684\u82cf\u5c9b\u4f5b\u5b66\u793e\u4e5f\u76f8\u7ee7\u521b\u7acb\u30021958 \u5e74\uff0c\u201c\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u83e9\u63d0\u603b\u4f1a\u201d\u5728\u4f5b\u9640\u4f3d\u8036\u5bfa\u53ec\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u5458\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u5168\u56fd17\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u52a0\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5c14\u540e\u5404\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u5747\u8bbe\u7acb\u5206\u4f1a\u30021964 \u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u4ee3\u8868\u56e2\u66fe\u8d74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u53c2\u52a0\u201c\u7384\u5958\u6cd5\u5e08\u901d\u4e16\u4e00\u5343\u4e09\u767e\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u5728\u897f\u5c71\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u4f5b\u7259\u5854\u5f00\u5149\u5178\u793c\u30021965\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u4e5f\u6d3e\u51fa\u4f5b\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\u5230\u5370\u5c3c\u8bbf\u95ee\u30021971\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u53f0\u6e7e\u7684\u4e1c\u521d\u4ea6\u5e94\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u4f1a\u9080\u8bf7\u524d\u5f80\u5370\u5c3c\uff0c\u5728\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u7b49\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u5e7f\u5927\u534e\u4eba\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u70ed\u70c8\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u53c2\u89c2\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u6240\u4f5b\u5bfa\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u4f5b\u6559\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u30021973\u5e74\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u83e9\u63d0\u8fbe\u6469\u201d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ec\u5f00\u9996\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae,\u670938\u4e2a\u5206\u4f1a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u4f1a\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u4eec\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u628a\u4f5b\u6559\u4ece\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8d70\u4e0a\u4e00\u6761\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u540c\u5e74\u5728\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u7b49\u5730\u9646\u7eed\u6709\u56db\u5ea7\u4f5b\u5bfa\u5f00\u5149\u6216\u4fee\u5efa\u30021978 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e09\u8fbe\u6469\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u4e16\u4f5b\u8054\u3002\u65b0\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f15\u8d77\u4e16\u754c\u4f5b\u6559\u754c\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e16\u4f5b\u8054\u6267\u59d4\u4f1a\u66fe\u7ecf\u6709\u610f\u5c06\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u5c4a\u4e16\u4f5b\u8054\u5927\u4f1a\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u66fe\u548c\u5370\u5c3c\u5730\u533a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u51c6\u5907\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u672a\u80fd\u5982\u613f\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u8f9b\u52e4\u8015\u8018\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u754c\u9010\u6e10\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u30021980\u5e74\uff0c\u6c38\u609f\u3001\u5b97\u5f00\u3001\u9053\u6765\u7b49\u6cd5\u5e08\u7531\u53f0\u6e7e\u4f5b\u5149\u5c71\u5b66\u6210\u8fd4\u56fd\u5f18\u626c\u4f5b\u6cd5\uff0c\u76f8\u7ee7\u6210\u7acb\u5bfa\u9662\u9053\u573a\uff0c\u4e3e\u529e\u5404\u79cd\u6cd5\u4f1a\u3001\u8bb2\u7ecf\u7b49\u5f18\u6cd5\u6d3b\u52a8,\u66f4\u4fc3\u4f7f\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u53d7\u793e\u4f1a\u91cd\u89c6\u30021983\u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u610f\u4f5b\u8bde\u8282\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8282\u65e5\uff0c\u82cf\u54c8\u6258\u603b\u7edf\u4eb2\u81ea\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u5a46\u7f57\u6d6e\u56fe\u4fee\u590d\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4e8e\u8fd9\u65f6\u5168\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\u30021984 \u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u5404\u5927\u5b97\u6d3e\u5728\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u8054\u5408\u521b\u7acb\u201c\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u5927\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u4e3a\u8be5\u56fd\u9996\u5ea7\u4f5b\u6559\u5927\u5b66\u30021987\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u53ec\u5f00\u9996\u5c4a\u5987\u5973\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u6210\u7acb\u8fbe\u6469\u6770\u5361\u4f5b\u5b66\u9662,\u62db\u6536\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u4f5b\u6559\u50e7\u4fa3\u6570\u5341\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3a\u5c06\u6765\u628a\u4e09\u85cf\u8bd1\u6210\u5370\u5c3c\u8bed\u800c\u57f9\u517b\u4e13\u95e8\u4eba\u624d\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5370\u5c3c\u9664\u4e86\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u7684\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u4f5b\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u753116\u4e2a\u4f5b\u6559\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u521b\u529e\u7684\u6570+\u6240\u4f5b\u6559\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u8fd8\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4f5b\u6559\u9752\u5e74\u56e2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u6d85\u67b6\u8282\u90fd\u8981\u4e3e\u884c\u76db\u5927\u96c6\u4f1a\uff0c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u91ca\u8fe6\u901d\u4e16\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u653f\u5e9c\u628a\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u6d85\u67b6\u65e5\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u8282\u65e5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u536b\u8d5b\u8282\u662f\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6551\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4f5b\u6570\u751f\u609f\u9053\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u3002\u6bcf\u9022\u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u65e5\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u4e91\u96c6\u5230\u4e2d\u722a\u54c7\u7684\u5a46\u7f57\u6d6e\u5c60\u5854\u4e3e\u884c\u76db\u5927\u7684\u5e86\u795d\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9274\u4e8e\u82cf\u54c8\u6258\u653f\u5e9c\u52a0\u7d27\u5bf9\u534e\u4eba\u91c7\u53d6\u540c\u5316\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5b54\u6559\u548c\u9053\u6559\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53d7\u5230\u79cd\u79cd\u9650\u5236\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4e09\u6559\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f00\u5c55\u4f5b\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u968f\u7740\u82cf\u54c8\u6258\u7684\u5012\u53f0\u548c\u73b0\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u5b54\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u589e\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4e09\u6559\u5408\u6d41\u3001\u534e\u4eba\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u5730\u65b9\u795e\u7075\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u656c\u5949\u591a\u5143\u795e\u8879\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765,\u5370\u5c3c\u4f20\u5165\u4e00\u4f5b\u6559\u65b0\u5bc6\u5b97\uff08Tanrayana\uff09\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bc6\u5b97\u8981\u6c42\u50e7\u4eba\u7a7f\u9ec4\u8272\u8888\u88df\uff0c\u4f46\u5141\u8bb8\u7559\u957f\u53d1\uff0c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5243\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u5bc6\u5b97\u5df2\u4f20\u81f3\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u68c9\u5170\u3001\u5de8\u6e2f\u3001\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u3001\u4e09\u5b9d\u5784\u548c\u6cd7\u6c34\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5bc6\u5b97\uff0c\u5df2\u4e3a\u5b97\u6559\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u53f8\u53f8\u957f\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u91ca\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0a\u534e\u5bfa\u656c\u4f5b\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u8fd8\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u8bbe\u5e99\u5802\u548c\u89c2\u97f3\u5802\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4f5b\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u89e3\u91ca\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5982\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u3001\u5370\u5c3c\u5f25\u52d2\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u3001\u5168\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u7b49\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5370\u5c3c\u653f\u5e9c\u540c\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9a71\u4f7f\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u534e\u4eba\uff08\u591a\u4e3a\u9752\u5e74\uff09\u7688\u4f9d\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u591a\u4e3a\u5e74\u957f\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u5728\u5bb6\u5c45\u58eb\u4e3a\u591a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5370\u5c3c\u653f\u5e9c\u534e\u4eba\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u51fa\u73b0\u589e\u591a\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u5434\u5d07\u4f2f.\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5927\u56fd\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a[M].\u5c71\u4e1c:\u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010:178-181.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1080\" height=\"720\" src=\"http:\/\/81.69.189.102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u4f5b\u5bfa\u4f5b\u50cf.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-876\" \/><figcaption>\u4f5b\u5bfa\u4f5b\u50cf\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20190406\/857c9f9f46fc4a4bb7a887575a417b70.jpeg\">http:\/\/5b0988e595225.cdn.sohucs.com\/images\/20190406\/857c9f9f46fc4a4bb7a887575a417b70.jpeg<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video controls src=\"http:\/\/81.69.189.102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u5723\u6cc9\u5bfa.mp4\"><\/video><figcaption>\u5370\u5c3c\u4f5b\u6559\u5723\u6cc9\u5bfa\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/v.douyin.com\/JpRSQgH\/\">https:\/\/v.douyin.com\/JpRSQgH\/<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e09\u8282 \u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u793c\u4fd7<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u5c3c88%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u4fe1\u5949\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\uff0c\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u6700\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u6559\u5f92\u5c5e\u4e8e\u900a\u5c3c\u6d3e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u7ea2\u6d3e\u201d(abangan), \u5373\u6e29\u548c\u6d3e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e0d\u751a\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u8ba4\u771f\u5c65\u884c\u5176\u6559\u89c4\u3002\u5176\u5ea6\u8bda\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5fe0\u4e8e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u6682\u7ea6\u4e00\u6e05\u771f\u8a00 (Syahadat)\uff1a\u201c\u4e07\u7269\u975e\u4e3b\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u771f\u4e3b\uff0c\u7a46\u7f55\u9ed8\u5fb7\u662f\u4e3b\u7684\u4f7f\u8005\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u591a\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u539f\u59cb\u5b97\u6559\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6216\u53d7\u4f5b\u6559\u7b49\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6212\u5f8b\u4e0d\u5f88\u4e25\u683c\u3002\u4e0e\u7ea2\u6d3e\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u767d\u6d3e(Santri), \u6307\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u5c65\u884c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e49\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7ea2\u6d3e\u548c\u81ea\u6d3e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u7535\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u540c\u662f\u7ea2\u6d3e\u6210\u540c\u662f\u81ea\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u533a\u522b\u7ea2\u6d3e\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e3b\u5f20\u5efa\u7acb\u4e16\u4fd7\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u767d\u6d3e\u6559\u5f92\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u9075\u4ece\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6559\u4e49\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u6559\u5f92\u4e3b\u5f20\u5efa\u7acb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u5efa\u7acb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5360\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u5386\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u90fd\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ee5\u5b97\u6559\u7acb\u56fd\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u628a\u5370\u6ce5\uff0c\u5efa\u6210\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u884c\u653f\u6559\u5206\u3002\u5b98\u90b8\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5baa\u6cd5\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u56fd\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1. \u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u4f20\u5165<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4f55\u65f6\u4f20\u5165\u5370\u5c3c\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u53f2\u5b66\u8bf4\u662f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5170\u6559\u53861\u4e16\u7eaa(\u516c\u51437~8\u4e16\u7eaa)\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u897f\u90e8\u7684\u80e1\u8336\u8fa3\uff08\u8fdb\u53e4\u5409\u62c9\u62c9\u7279\uff09\u548c\u6ce2\u65af\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5546\u4eba\u572813\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u4f20\u5165\u3002\u80e1\u8336\u8fa3\u548c\u6ce2\u65af\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5546\u4eba\u7531\u6d77\u8def\u53bb\u9a6c\u6765\u534a\u5c9b\u7ecf\u5546\uff0c\u9014\u4e2d\u628a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4f20\u81f3\u82cf\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u5317\u90e8\uff0c\u518d\u4f20\u81f3\u9a6c\u5927\u7532\u548c\u722a\u54c7\u7b49\u5730\u3002\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\uff1a13\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u987b\u6587\u8fbe\u7b2c\u4e00\u5df4\u8d5b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u5370\u5c3c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u738b\u56fd,\u6210\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5730\u533a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u540e\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\u57281292\u5e74\u9a7e\u5d29\u7684\u987b\u6587\u8fbe\u90a3-\u5df4\u8d5b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5893\u7891\u4e0a\uff0c\u523b\u6709\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5386635\u5e74\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u540d\u201c\u82cf\u4e39\u00b7\u9a6c\u5229\u514b\u6c99\u201d\u7b49\u5b57\u6837\u3002\u57fa\u7891\u6765\u81ea\u5370\u5ea6\u80e1\u8336\u8fa3\u7684\u574e\u8d1d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6587\u7269\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6700\u8fdf\u5728 1292~1297\u5e74\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5c31\u5df2\u4f20\u5165\u987b\u6587\u8fbe\u90a3\u4e00\u5df4\u8d5b\u30021292 \u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u65c5\u884c\u5bb6\u9a6c\u53ef\u6ce2\u7f57\u4ece\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd4\u56de\u610f\u5927\u5229\u9014\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u5728\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u5317\u90e8\u505c\u7559\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u516b\u513f\u523a\u770b\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u5c45\u6c11\u7688\u4f9d\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u88ab\u53f2\u5b66\u754c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c7~8\u4e16\u7eaa\u671f\u95f4,\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u3001\u6ce2\u65af\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5546\u4eba\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u62b5\u8fbe\u9a6c\u516d\u7532\u6d77\u5ce1\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a,\u4f46\u89c4\u6a21\u6709\u9650\u30029\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e1c\u5357\u6cbf\u6d77\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u56e0\u9ec4\u5de2\u8d77\u4e49\u800c\u9003\u81f3\u4e09\u4f5b\u9f50\u7684\u5de8\u6e2f\u3002\u5728\u4e1c\u722a\u54c7\u9526\u77f3\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u6765\u5170\u6751\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6b7b\u4e8e1102\u5e74\u7684\u5973\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u6cd5\u7b2c\u739b\u7684\u5893\u7891\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u572813\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u5c31\u6709\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u793e\u533a\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u738b\u56fd\uff0c\u5219\u672a\u89c1\u786e\u51ff\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u8f7d\u3002\u800c\u5370\u5c3c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u738b\u56fd\uff08\u5373\u987b\u6587\u8fbe\u90a3\u2014\u2014\u5df4\u8d5b\u738b\u56fd\uff09\u548c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u5c45\u6c11\u70b9\uff08\u4eca\u5317\u4e9a\u9f50\u5730\u533a\u7684\u6d1b\u514b\u4ec0\u4e4c\u9a6c\u5a01\u9644\u8fd1\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u572813\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6709\u5386\u53f2\u6839\u636e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ece\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4f20\u5165\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\uff0c\u81f3\u5370\u5c3c\u4e3b\u8981\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5316\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u6570\u4e16\u7eaa\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5411\u5916\u6269\u5f20\u52bf\u529b\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6218\u4e89\u9014\u5f84\uff1b\u4e00\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u9014\u5f84,\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u5c55\u5546\u4e1a\u8d38\u6613\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8\u5411\u5916\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5728\u4e3a\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u6240\u63a5\u624b\u4e4b\u540e\u4fbf\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u5b9e\u884c\u5168\u9762\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5316\u3002\u65e0\u7591\uff0c\u7f51\u62c9\u4f2f\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u90fd\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5546\u4eba\u7528\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f71\u54cd\u5730\u65b9\u9886\u4e3b\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u501f\u52a9\u5730\u65b9\u9886\u4e3b\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u4ece\u4e8b\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u5546\u4e1a\u7e41\u8363\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6210\u4e3a\u52bf\u529b\u65e5\u6e10\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5546\u6e2f\u9886\u4e3b\u4eec\u4e0e\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u6297\u8861\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u7248\u4f9d\u53ca\u5730\u65b9\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u968f\u4e4b\u6539\u5949\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\uff0c\u987f\u4f7f\u5730\u533a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5316\u6210\u4e3a\u5fc5\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>15\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u9ebb\u82e5\u5df4\u6b47\u738b\u671d\u5f00\u59cb\u8d70\u5411\u8870\u843d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u7688\u4f9d\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u4fbf\u9010\u4e00\u6323\u8131\u4e2d\u592e\u738b\u671d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f97\u5230\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u30021518\u722a\u54c7\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u738b\u671d\u4e00\u6de1\u76ee\u738b\u671d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6570\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u5370\u5ea6\u5b97\u6559\u6587\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u5360\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4ece\u6b64\u5b8c\u7ed3\u7531\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u3002\u6700\u521d\u4f20\u5165\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6559\u6d3e\u662f\u82cf\u83f2\u6d3e\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u8272\u5f69\u4e0e\u5370\u5c3c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u8272\u5f69\u76f8\u878d\u5408\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4f20\u5165\u5370\u5c3c\uff0c\u7ecf\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u53ca\u4e0e\u672c\u571f\u6587\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u76f8\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u672c\u571f\u4e0a\u7684\u5f02\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u672c\u571f\u5316\u8272\u5f69\u66f4\u4e3a\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u6b64\u4e43\u5370\u5c3c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5316\u4e4b\u4e00\u5927\u7279\u8272\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6587\u5316\u9010\u6b65\u540c\u5370\u5c3c\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u878d\u4e3a\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u5bf9\u5370\u5c3c\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u98ce\u4fd7\u4ea7\u751f\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u5370\u5c3c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u968f\u77401602\u5e74\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6e10\u6ca6\u4e3a\u8377\u5170\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u3002\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u6b96\u6c11\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e2d\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5974\u5f79\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u8fd8\u6b67\u89c6\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u3002\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u63a8\u884c\u6c11\u65cf\u7b49\u7ea7\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u628a\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u7b49\uff1a\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\uff08\u542b\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\uff09\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7b49\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u4eba(\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u534e\u4eba)\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7b49\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u5219\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e09\u7b49\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5ba3\u626c\u5b97\u6559\u7b49\u7ea7\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u628a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u8d2c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0b\u7b49\u5b97\u6559\u201d\uff0c\u52a0\u4ee5\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u65e9\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d,\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u6392\u65a5\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5728\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u5174\u529e\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f00\u8bbe\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002\u571f\u8457\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u81ea\u529e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5b66\u5802\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u8bf5\u7ecf\u7684\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u5b66\u9986\u3002\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6392\u65a5\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u8fd8\u516c\u7136\u505c\u6b62\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6fc0\u6012\u4e86\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u4f17,\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u6700\u6709\u5229\u7684\u6218\u6597\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u5728\u9547\u538b\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5386\u6b21\u8d77\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u8840\u8165\u5c60\u6740\u571f\u8457\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u53ca\u5176\u9886\u8896\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u5728\u6253\u51fb\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53c8\u4e8e1900\u5e74\u8d77\u63a8\u884c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9053\u4e49\u653f\u7b56\u201d\uff0c\u653e\u5bbd\u5bf9\u571f\u8457\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u53bb\u9ea6\u52a0\u671d\u5723\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b3c\u7edc\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u5b9e\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u4e3e\u884c\u76f8\u5173\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u3002\u5728\u8377\u5170\u5b9e\u884c\u6b67\u89c6\u548c\u9ad8\u538b\u653f\u7b56\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5370\u5c3c\u6c11\u65cf\u6210\u4e86\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fde\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u88ab\u538b\u8feb\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u300217\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4e09\u767e\u4f59\u5e74\u5370\u5c3c\u6c11\u65cf\u9ad8\u4e3e\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u201c\u5723\u6559\u201d\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u5f00\u5c55\u53cd\u5bf9\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u30021674~1679\u5e74\u675c\u9c81\u8bfa\u4f50\u7ea6\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4e1c\u722a\u54c7\u53cd\u8377\u8d77\u4e49\u30011872~ 1887\u5e74\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u897f\u90e8\u7531\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5b97\u6559\u6539\u9769\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f6c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5bf9\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u63d2\u624b\u7684\u5df4\u7279\u91cc\u6218\u4e89\u30011825~1830\u5e74\u8482\u535a\u5c3c\u54e5\u7f57\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u4ee5\u634d\u536b\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u3001\u9a71\u9010\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4e3a\u53e3\u53f7\u7684\u722a\u54c7\u4eba\u4eec\u5927\u8d77\u4e49\uff0c\u5747\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6297\u8377\u6218\u4e89\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5728\u53cd\u5bf9\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u79ef\u6781\u3001\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u572819.20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\u4f20\u5230\u5370\u5c3c\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e3a\u58f0\u52bf\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u6c11\u65cf\u5728\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\u5f00\u59cb\u89c9\u9192\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u542f\u8499\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u89d2\u8272,\u5728\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86 \u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u89c9\u9192\uff0c\u4e3a\u5370\u5c3c\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u601d\u60f3\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5982\u9769\u547d\u9886\u8896\u5217\u5b81\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u722a\u54c7\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u7fa4\u4f17\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u4e0b\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u201d\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u901a\u8fc7\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u628a\u5370\u5c3c\u5404\u4e2a\u7fa4\u5c9b\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u76f8\u5f53\u677e\u6563\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd5\u7adf\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u524d\u5370\u5c3c\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.\u65e5\u672c\u5360\u9886\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece1942\u5e743\u6708\u81f31945\u5e748\u6708\uff0c\u5357\u6d0b\u7fa4\u5c9b\u88ab\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u7565\u519b\u5360\u9886\u30021941 \u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u60c5\u62a5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5229\u7528\u4e9a\u9f50\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u8377\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u201c\u5168\u4e9a\u9f50\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u58eb\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u30021942\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u7565\u519b\u5360\u9886\u722a\u54c7\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u519b\u5f53\u5c40\u5ba3\u5e03\u7981\u6b62\u5305\u62ec\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u653f\u515a\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u653f\u515a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5927\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5171\u8363\u5708\u201d\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97\u5ba3\u4f20\uff0c\u4e8e1943\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u5fa1\u7528\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9a6c\u65af\u53cb\u7f8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u65e5\u519b\u6548\u52b3\u3002\u5f53\u5c40\u52bf\u529b\u201c\u6276\u690d\u201d\u5370\u5c3c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559,\u5229\u7528\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u52a8\u5458\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0e\u5f53\u5c40\u201c\u5408\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u52bf\u529b\u4e0e\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u538b\u5236\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e3a\u5176\u201c\u5927\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5723\u6218\u201d\u670d\u52a1\u30021943\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u4e8b\u5f53\u5c40\u53ec\u96c660\u540d\u5404\u5730\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5e08\u5230\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u77ed\u671f\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6548\u5fe0\u65e5\u672c\u5929\u7687\u7684\u5974\u5316\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u52301945\u5e74\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u57f9\u8bad\u7684\u519c\u6751\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5e08\u8fbe\u52301000\u591a\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5f53\u5c40\u901a\u8fc7\u6276\u690d\u4eb2\u65e5\u52bf\u529b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5272\u65ad\u4e86\u57ce\u5e02\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u540c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65e5\u519b\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u6218\u573a\u7684\u8282\u8282\u8d25\u9000\uff0c\u722a\u54c7\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u519c\u6751\u591a\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u7531\u5f53\u5730\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5e08\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u6297\u6350\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u6b66\u88c5\u66b4\u52a8\u3002\u4e3a\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u519c\u6751\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u793e\u56e2\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5f53\u5c40\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u666e\u904d\u8bbe\u7acb\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\u7684\u5206\u652f\u673a\u6784\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u56fd\u9645\u53cd\u6cd5\u897f\u65af\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u80dc\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u65e5\u672c\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4e5f\u7c89\u7eb7\u62ff\u8d77\u53cd\u6297\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u53cd\u5bf9\u65e5\u672c\u519b\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6e38\u51fb\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u5434\u5d07\u4f2f.\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5927\u56fd\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a[M].\u5c71\u4e1c:\u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010:184-187.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"http:\/\/81.69.189.102\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/\u4f17\u591a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7948\u7977.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-878\" \/><figcaption>\u4f17\u591a\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u7948\u7977\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/48bff2a8b33a1b85\">https:\/\/i03piccdn.sogoucdn.com\/48bff2a8b33a1b85<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7b2c\u56db\u8282 \u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u793c\u4fd7<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u5c3c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u7ea6\u5360\u4eba\u53e3\u76847.9%\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u7ea6\u53605.3%\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4f5b\u6d1b\u52d2\u65af\u3001\u5e1d\u6c76\u3001\u4e1c\u52aa\u6c99\u767b\u52a0\u62c9\u3001\u9a6c\u9c81\u53e4\u3001\u5df4\u5e03\u4e9a\u548c\u4e2d\u722a\u54c7\u7b49\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>16\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u9a6c\u9c81\u53e4\u7fa4\u5c9b,\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u4f20\u64ad\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3002\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u5370\u5c3c\u65f6\u671f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53d7\u5230\u6392\u65a5\u548c\u9650\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f97\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\u300217~19\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u628a\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u89c6\u4f5c\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u6b8b\u4f59\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4f53\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u52a0\u4ee5\u6392\u65a5\uff0c\u4e25\u7981\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u63aa\u65bd\u66fe\u5f97\u5230\u4fe1\u5949\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u5317\u9a6c\u9c81\u53e4\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3001\u5317\u82cf\u62c9\u5a01\u897f\u548c\u52a0\u91cc\u66fc\u4e39\u9a6c\u8fb0\u738b\u65cf\u548c\u82cf\u4e39\u7684\u652f\u6301\u30021743\u5e74\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u66fe\u6380\u8d77\u4e00\u6b21\u6392\u65a5\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u30021847\u5e74\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u4e0e\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u8fbe\u6210\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f5b\u7f57\u52d2\u65af\u5c9b\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u722a\u54c7\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u795e\u7236\u6df1\u5165\u5185\u5730\u3001\u5c71\u533a\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u5982\u8377\u5170\u795e\u7236\u51e1\u00b7\u91cc\u65af\uff08Van Lith\uff09\u57281897~ 1926\u5e74\u95f4\u6df1\u5165\u4e2d\u722a\u54c7\u7684\u8499\u8fea\u5170\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9ed8\u8bfa\u987f\u83b1\u5c71\u533a\u7ed9\u51e0\u5341\u540d\u722a\u54c7\u4eba\u6d17\u793c\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u6d17\u793c\u4eea\u5f0f\u88ab\u540e\u52e4\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u722a\u54c7\u4f20\u6559\u4e4b\u59cb\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u5c3c\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u653f\u6cbb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f1923\u5e74\u5728\u65e5\u60f9\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u722a\u54c7\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u653f\u6cbb\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u4e49\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b9e\u73b0\u722a\u54c7\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5370\u5c3c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u53d6\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u8bed\u662f\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u4ea4\u9645\u8bed\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u534f\u4f1a\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5370\u5c3c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u653f\u6cbb\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u652f\u90e8\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u722a\u54c7\u3001\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u548c\u82cf\u62c9\u5a01\u897f\u8bf8\u5c9b\uff0c\u5176\u4f1a\u520a\u300a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e4b\u58f0\u300b\u5341\u5206\u5173\u6ce8\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0d\u8981\u63a8\u7ffb\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u30021941 \u5e74\u5b83\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8054\u5408\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8054\u5408\u673a\u6784\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7531\u8377\u5170\u4eba\u4e8e17\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f20\u5165\u5370\u5c3c\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u65b0\u6559\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edf\u6cbb\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u5bc6\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u7c73\u7eb3\u54c8\u6c99\u3001\u5b89\u6c76\u3001\u5357\u9a6c\u9c81\u53e4\u3001\u4e07\u9e26\u8001\u548c\u5df4\u5e03\u4e9a\u7b49\u5730\u533a\u300217 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6253\u51fb\u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u52bf\u529b\uff0c1640\u5e74\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u5728\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1731\u548c1733\u5e74\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u5c06\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u300a\u65b0\u7ea6\u300b\u548c\u300a\u65e7\u7ea6\u300b\u8bd1\u6210\u9a6c\u6765\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u9a6c\u6765\u8bed\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u5404\u5c9b\u5c7f\u95f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u81ea19\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u4e3a\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u9886\u5730\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u52a0\u7d27\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u30021802\u5e74\u5728\u8377\u5170\u6d77\u7259\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u65b0\u6559\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7edf\u4e00\u7ba1\u7406\u5176\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u4e8b\u9879\u5219\u7531\u6b96\u6c11\u5927\u81e3\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7531\u8377\u738b\u4efb\u547d\uff0c\u53bb\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u7267\u5e08\u7531\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u5728\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u201c\u4e2d\u592e\u6559\u4f1a\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u5404\u6559\u4f1a\u9009\u4efb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u8377\u5170\u603b\u7763\u4efb\u547d\u3002\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u8d1f\u8d23\u652f\u4ed8\u5370\u5c3c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4f1a\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u85aa\u6c34\u548c\u6559\u5802\u7ba1\u7406\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u521a\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u6765\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7267\u5e08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5fb7\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5728\u8377\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9f13\u52b1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8377\u5170\u7267\u5e08\u6765\u5370\u5c3c\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e9b\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u8fd8\u662f\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u5370\u5c3c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u6559\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u523a\u6fc0\u5f53\u5730\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u611f\u60c5\uff0c1855\u5e74\u8377\u5170\u6b96\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c\u6cd5\u89c4\u7b2c123\u6761\u660e\u6587\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7b49\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u603b\u7763\u7279\u8bb8\uff0c\u4e0d\u51c6\u64c5\u81ea\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u4f20\u6559\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u52bf\u529b\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5982\u82cf\u95e8\u7b54\u814a\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u4e9a\u9f50\u3001\u897f\u722a\u54c7\u7684\u4e07\u4e39\u7b49\u5904\uff0c\u201c\u987b\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u9694\u7edd\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u5b97\u6559\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u4e71\u3002\u5f53\u5c40\u8fd8\u5212\u5206\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53ca\u5176\u652f\u6d3e\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u7684\u533a\u57df\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u5df4\u5398\u5c9b\u5c45\u6c11\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4fe1\u5949\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u5f53\u5c40\u8ba4\u4e3a\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0d\u5b9c\u4f20\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u534f\u8c03\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u5206\u522b\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u201d\u548c\u201c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6559\u4f1a\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u6559\u4f1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d77\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u6865\u6881\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u603b\u7763\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u54a8\u8be2\u30021602~1942\u5e74\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u6559\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u5185\u5730\u548c\u5c71\u533a\uff0c\u90a3\u513f\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\u52bf\u529b\u8f83\u6cbf\u6d77\u548c\u5e73\u539f\u5730\u533a\u5f31\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u76f8\u5bf9\u843d\u540e\u30021799 \u5e74\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u516c\u53f8\u57ae\u53f0\uff0c\u4ece1800\u5e74\u8d77\u8377\u5170\u5974\u5f79\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u673a\u6784\u6539\u4e3a\u8377\u5c5e\u4e1c\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5176\u6b96\u6c11\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u4f46\u8377\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5bf9\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u653f\u7b56,\u81ea19\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u9010\u6b65\u8131\u79bb\u8377\u5170\u672c\u571f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u8f83\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u5f00\u5c55\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1942\u5e74\u65e5\u672c\u5360\u9886\u5370\u5c3c\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u906d\u5230\u8feb\u5bb3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u88ab\u5173\u8fdb\u96c6\u4e2d\u8425\u3002\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6559\u4f1a\u540c\u6837\u906d\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u5360\u9886\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u548c\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1945\u5e74\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u4e24\u6559\u4f1a\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u5927\u529b\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6210\u7acb\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u5f00\u529e\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u533b\u9662\u3001\u6148\u5584\u673a\u6784\u6269\u5927\u6559\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4e24\u6559\u6559\u4f1a\u90fd\u83b7\u5f97\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u5173\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6709\u4e86\u8f83\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5728\u6559\u5f92\u4e2d\u9752\u5e74\u5728\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1965\u5e74\u201c\u4e5d\u4e090\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u5c40\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c45\u6c11\u5728\u8eab\u4efd\u8bc1\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u201d\u4e00\u680f\u91cc\u586b\u5199\u6240\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6000\u7591\u4e3a\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4e0e\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6709\u9694\u56fa\uff0c\u800c\u4ee5\u534e\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u53c8\u88ab\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u770b\u505a\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u5916\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u201d\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u534e\u4eba\u4fe1\u5949\u7684\u201c\u5b54\u6559\u201d\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u4e0d\u88ab\u5f53\u5c40\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u534e\u4eba\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u53d7\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u534e\u4eba\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u4fbf\u52a0\u5165\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6216\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u66fe\u5148\u540e\u6210\u7acb\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u515a\uff1a\u5370\u5c3c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u515a\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1945\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u539f\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5370\u5c3c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u515a\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u8eab\u4e3a\u5370\u5c3c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u653f\u6cbb\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u515a\u4e8e1945\u5e7411\u6708\u5728\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u515a\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u515a\u90fd\u62e5\u62a4\u201c\u6f58\u67e5\u5e0c\u62c9\u201d\uff08\u5efa\u56fd\u4e94\u9879\u539f\u5219\uff09\u4e3a\u5370\u5c3c\u7acb\u56fd\u4e4b\u672c\uff0c\u4e24\u515a\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u5386\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u653f\u515a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f5b\u6559\u548c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u5f80\u6765\u548c\u5e73\u5730\u4f20\u5165\u5370\u5c3c\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u548c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5219\u662f\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4fb5\u5165\u800c\u4f20\u81f3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e07\u5c9b\u4e4b\u56fd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8461\u8404\u7259\u548c\u8377\u5170\u5206\u522b\u5229\u7528\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u56e0\u800c17\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u540e\u5370\u5c3c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e89\u593a\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u6597\u4e89\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8461\u3001\u8377\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b96\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u593a\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u6559\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u5173\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5f00\u529e\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u533b\u9662\u548c\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u534e\u4eba\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e0d\u5c11\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u4e24\u6559\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f71\u54cd\u3002 \u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u515a\u5408\u5e76\u548c\u5728\u91ce\u515a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u4e24\u6559\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5f71\u54cd\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002\u83b7\u51c6\u53c2\u52a0\u5370\u5c3c2004\u5e74\u5927\u9009\u768424\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u4e2d,\u4ec5\u6709\u7e41\u8363\u548c\u5e73\u515a\u5e26\u6709\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5f97\u5230\u897f\u65b9\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3001\u4f20\u6559\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u548c\u6559\u5f92\u6587\u5316\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u82cf\u54c8\u6258\u653f\u6743\u57ae\u53f0\u540e\u8fde\u7eed\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u6d41\u8840\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4e00\u8bed\u5b9a\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u5434\u5d07\u4f2f.\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5927\u56fd\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a[M].\u5c71\u4e1c:\u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010\uff1a181-184.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e94\u8282 \u5b54\u6559<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u5c3c\u5b54\u6559\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\uff0c\u65e9\u57281729\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u5df4\u8fbe\u7ef4\u4e9a\uff08\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u96c5\u52a0\u8fbe\uff09\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u91cc\u5c31\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u201c\u660e\u8bda\u4e66\u9662\u201d\u3002 1900\u5e743\u670817\u65e5\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u5c0a\u5b54\u4eba\u58eb\u7ec4\u6267\u4e86\u201c\u4e2d\u534e\u4f1a\u9986\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6f58\u666f\u8d6b\u548c\u9648\u91d1\u5c71\u5206\u522b\u62c5\u4efb\u4f1a\u9986\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u79d8\u4e66\u3002\u4e2d\u534e\u4f1a\u9986\u6210\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u6709\u5173\u5b54\u5b50\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u5370\u5c3c\u6587\u8bd1\u672c\u30021906 \u5e74\u6cd7\u6c34\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u201c\u6587\u5e99\u201d\uff0c1955\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u5b54\u6559\u603b\u4f1a\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u5206\u4f1a\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc5\u901f\uff0c\u662f\u5370\u5c3c\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u5f0f\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u516d\u5927\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u52301972\u5e74\u7edf\u8ba1\u6709300\u4e07\u5b54\u6559\u4fe1\u5f92\uff0c\u5360\u5370\u5c3c\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u534a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e1966\u5e74\u5370\u5c3c\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u82cf\u54c8\u6258\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u538b\u5236\u534e\u4eba\u548c\u5f3a\u884c\u540c\u5316\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5ef6\u7eed35\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u534e\u6587\u6559\u80b2\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u5b54\u6559\u4e5f\u88ab\u5b9e\u9645\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u73b0\u572850\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u5370\u5c3c\u534e\u4eba\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u4e0d\u4f1a\u534e\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u5b54\u6559\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u575a\u6301\u5730 \u4e0b\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u987d\u5f3a\u5730\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u74e6\u5e0c\u5fb7\u5f53\u4e0a\u603b\u7edf\uff0c\u624d\u91cd\u65b0\u4f7f\u5b54\u6559\u5408\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u53c2\u4e0e\u5b54\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4ee5\u534e\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u975e\u534e\u4eba\u5165\u6559\uff0c\u5168\u5bb6\u4eba\u51e0\u4ee3\u90fd\u662f\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u5e73\u6c11\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u591a\u4e3a\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7a0d\u9ad8\u8005\u62c5\u4efb\u3002\u5370\u5c3c\u5b54\u6559\u5f92\u5927\u90fd\u4e0d\u61c2\u534e\u8bed\uff0c\u56db\u4e66\u4e94\u7ecf\u90fd\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5370\u5c3c\u6587\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u5ba3\u9053\u4f1a\u4e5f\u662f\u7528\u5370\u5c3c\u6587\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u5370\u5c3c\u5b54\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6df1\u5165\u534e\u65cf\u4e0b\u5c42\u9636\u7ea7\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6781\u5e7f,\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u653f\u5e9c\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u5c0a\u5b54\u4eba\u58eb\u5982\u96e8\u540e\u6625\u7b0b\u822c\u5730\u7eb7\u7eb7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b54\u6559\u4f1a\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f,\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e86\u89e3\u5e76\u4e0d\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u9650\u4e8e\u77e5\u9053\u201c\u56db\u6d77\u4e4b\u5185\u7686\u5144\u5f1f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5df1\u6240\u4e0d\u6b32\uff0c\u52ff\u65bd\u4e8e\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u201c\u614e\u7ec8\u8ffd\u8fdc\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5fe0\u5b5d\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4ec1\u4e49\u793c\u667a\u4fe1\u201d\u3001\u201c\u796d\u62dc\u7956\u5148\u201d\u7b49\u4e49\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u5e38\u8654\u8bda\u548c\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u5b54\u6559\u6559\u5f92\u89c1\u9762\u90fd\u662f\u53cc\u624b\u62b1\u62f3,\u6253\u62db\u547c\u65f6\u4e00\u4eba\u5148\u8bf4\u201c\u60df\u5fb7\u52a8\u5929\u201d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bf4\u201c\u54b8\u6709\u4e00\u5fb7\u201d\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bb2\u8bdd\u5b8c\u6bd5\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u8bf4\u201c\u5584\u54c9\u201d\uff0c\u628a\u66f2\u961c\u770b\u505a\u201c\u5723\u5730\u201d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u60f3\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u53bb\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u80fd\u5b66\u4f1a\u534e\u6587\uff0c\u8bfb\u539f\u7248\u7684\u7ecf\u4e66\u548c\u8d44\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6559\u5f92\u5b9a\u671f\u4ee5\u793c\u5802\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4ece\u4e8b\u5b97\u6559\u7948\u7977\u3001\u5531\u5723\u6b4c\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u7ecf\u4e66\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ece\u4e8b\u4f20\u7edf\u8282\u65e5\u3001\u5b54\u8bde\u65e5\u7684\u796d\u5b54\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e92\u52a9\u3001\u5c0f\u5b69\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u65b0\u4eba\u7ed3\u5a5a\u516c\u8bc1\u548c\u4e3e\u529e\u5a5a\u793c\uff0c\u8001\u4eba\u6545\u53bb\u7684\u4e27\u793c\u4e3e\u529e\u6148\u5584\u3001\u8d48\u707e\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u7ecf\u8d39\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u6559\u5f92\u81ea\u613f\u6350\u732e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u6350\u6b3e,\u653f\u5e9c\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u62e8\u6b3e\u3002\u5b54\u6559\u4f1a\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u8d37\u6599\uff08\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u662f\u5370\u5c3c\u6587\uff09\u548c\u7528\u5177\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u56db\u4e66\u4e94\u7ecf\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5b5d\u7ecf)\u3001\u300a\u5b54\u6559\u7ae0\u7a0b\u4f1a\u89c4\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5b5d\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5b54\u5b50\u5723\u8ff9\u6545\u4e8b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5b54\u6559\u5723\u6b4c\u300b\u3001\u300a\u793c\u4eea\u624b\u518c\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5316\u300b\u7b49\u5927\u91cf\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u886c\u8863\u3001\u5916\u5957\u3001\u6302\u5386\u3001\u50cf\u7ae0\u3001\u4f1a\u6807\u3001\u94a5\u5319\u6263\u3001\u5723\u6b4cCD\u3001\u9f99\u548c\u9e92\u9e9f\u56fe\u6848\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u7528\u5177\u548c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u54c1\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9f50\u5907\u548c\u5b8c\u5584\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5370\u5c3c\u5b54\u6559\u603b\u4f1a\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u5404\u5730\u8bbe\u6709200\u591a\u4e2a\u7684\u5206\u4f1a\u2014\u2014\u5b54\u6559\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f1a\u5458\u63a5\u8fd1500\u4e07\u3002\u603b\u4f1a\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u529e\u516c\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u4f46\u5206\u4f1a\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u529e\u516c\u516c\u548c\u793c\u5802\uff08\u8fdb\u884c\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff09\u8bbe\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u603b\u4f1a\u548c\u5206\u4f1a\u7684\u673a\u6784\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7ba1\u7406\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u804c\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u4fee\u9053\u9662\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b97\u6559\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8f69\u5230\u57f9\u8bad\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5ba3\u9053\u5e08\uff08\u6559\u804c\u4eba\u5458\uff09\u5206\u4e3a\uff1a\u6559\u751f\uff08\u4f4e\u7ea7\uff09\u3001\u6587\u5e08\uff08\u4e2d\u7ea7\uff09\u3001\u5b66\u5e08\uff08\u9ad8\u7ea7\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u804c\u4f4d\u4e3a\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u56e2\u2014\u2014\u7531\u7cbe\u795e\u9886\u8896\u3001\u5fb7\u9ad8\u671b\u91cd\u7684\u957f\u8001\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u804c\u4f4d\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u603b\u4f1a\u548c\u90e8\u5206\u5206\u4f1a\u8fd8\u8bbe\u6709\u9752\u5e74\u90e8\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u90e8\u3001\u6587\u827a\u90e8\u3001\u9644\u5c5e\u7684\u5e7c\u513f\u56ed\u548c\u5b66\u6821\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u5434\u5d07\u4f2f.\u4e3e\u8db3\u8f7b\u91cd\u7684\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5927\u56fd\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a[M].\u5c71\u4e1c:\u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010\uff1a187-189.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282&nbsp;\u539f\u59cb\u5b97\u6559 1.\u7cbe\u7075\u5d07\u62dc \u7cbe\u7075\u5d07\u62dc\u662f\u4e07\u7269\u6709\u7075\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u539f\u59cb\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u7075\u5d07\u62dc\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u5370\u5c3c\u4eba\u7684\u751f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/875"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=875"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/875\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1467,"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/875\/revisions\/1467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=875"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}