{"id":439,"date":"2021-03-07T14:23:37","date_gmt":"2021-03-07T06:23:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/81.69.189.102\/?p=439"},"modified":"2022-11-26T22:45:28","modified_gmt":"2022-11-26T14:45:28","slug":"%e6%b3%b0%e5%9b%bd%e7%9a%84%e5%ae%97%e6%95%99%e7%a4%bc%e4%bf%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/2021\/03\/07\/439\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u793c\u4fd7"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e00\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u4e60\u4fd7<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u5168\u56fd94%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f5b\u6559\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u6709\u50e7\u4fa330\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7ec8\u751f\u4e3a\u50e7\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u5bfa\u5e99\u6797\u7acb\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u5171\u6709\u4f5b\u5bfa3.2\u4e07\u591a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf2\u4e2a\u884c\u653f\u6751\u6216\u6bcf2000\u591a\u4eba\u6709\u4e00\u95f4\u5bfa\u5e99\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf200\u591a\u4eba\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u540d\u50e7\u4fa3\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f5b\u5386\uff0c\u6bd4\u516c\u5386\u65e9543\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u88681 -3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2010\u5e74\u6cf0\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u53ca\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n<p>\u5355\u4f4d\uff1a\u4eba<\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 1062px\" width=\"1293\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"2\" width=\"76\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"163\">\n<p>\u5168\u56fd<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"163\">\n<p>\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u533a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" colspan=\"3\" width=\"163\">\n<p>\u975e\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u533a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"54\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u603b\u4eba\u6570<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>\u7537\u6027<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>\u5973\u6027<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>\u603b\u4eba\u6570<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>\u7537\u6027<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>\u5973\u6027<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>\u603b\u4eba\u6570<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"55\">\n<p>\u7537\u6027<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"54\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u5973\u6027<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u4f5b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u6559<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>61746429<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>30196344<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>31550085<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>27539565<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>13289109<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>14250456<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>34206864<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"55\">\n<p>16907235<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>17299629<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"76\">\n<p>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>3259340<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>1612509<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>1646831<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>1047297<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>511566<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>535731<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>2212043<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"55\">\n<p>1100943<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"54\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">1111100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u57fa\u7763\u6559<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>789376<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>439866<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>349510<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>410209<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>240918<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>169291<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>379167<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"55\">\n<p>198948<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>180219<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"76\">\n<p>\u5370\u5ea6\u6559<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>41808<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>23210<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>18598<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>33114<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>18689<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>14425<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>8694<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"55\">\n<p>4521<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"54\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">4173<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u5112\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u6559<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>16718<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>10597<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>6121<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>11109<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>7469<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>3640<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>5609<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"55\">\n<p>3128<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>2481<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"76\">\n<p>\u9521\u514b\u6559<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>11123<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>5913<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>5210<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>9422<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>4987<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>4435<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>1701<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"55\">\n<p>926<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"54\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">775<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"76\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\u5176\u4ed6\u4fe1\u4ef0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>66922<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>37156<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>29766<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>47169<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>26585<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>20584<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>19753<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"55\">\n<p>10571<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>9182<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"76\">\n<p>\u65e0\u795e\u8bba\u8005<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">46122<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>27533<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>18589<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>33030<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>20124<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>12906<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>13092<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"55\">\n<p>7409<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"54\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">5683<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"76\">\n<p>\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u660e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>3819<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>1903<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>1916<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>2913<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>1396<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>1517<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"54\">\n<p>906<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center\" width=\"55\">\n<p>507<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"54\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">399<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u6cf0\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u4e0e\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4f20\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u53d1\u6e90\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d6\u4e16\u7eaa\u81f3\u516c\u5143\u524d5\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u53e4\u5370\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ddd\u4eca\u5df2\u67092500\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d3\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f00\u59cb\u5411\u5468\u56f4\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u6df1\u53d7\u5370\u5ea6\u6587\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u3001\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u3001\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559(\u4fd7\u79f0\u5c0f\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\uff09\u90fd\u66fe\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u6d41\u4f20\u8fc7\u3002\u7d20\u53ef\u6cf0\u738b\u671d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u5317\u90e8\u5730\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4f5b\u6559\u6d41\u4f20\u3002\u4f20\u8bf4\u4f5b\u6559\u6700\u65e9\u662f\u516c\u5143662\u5e74\u7531\u5360\u672b\u82d4\u8587\u516c\u4e3b\u4ece\u5815\u7f57\u94b5\u5e95\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e0b\u7684\u534e\u5bcc\u91cc\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u3002\u5979\u7387\u9886\u90e8\u5206\u6c11\u4f17\u53bb\u5357\u5954\u5efa\u7acb\u54c8\u5229\u5954\u731c\u56fd\uff08\u5973\u4eba\u56fd\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5e26\u53bb\u4e86500\u50e7\u4fa3\uff0c\u5360\u672b\u82d4\u8587\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u54c8\u5229\u5954\u731c\u7684\u5973\u738b\u3002\u516c\u514312\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5f53\u540b\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9521\u5170\uff08\u4eca\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\uff09\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u5df4\u62c9\u8fe6\u6469\u62d4\u8d3a\u7684\u56fd\u738b\u53ec\u96c6\u9521\u5170\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5404\u56fd\u8bb8\u591a\u50e7\u4fa3\u5230\u9521\u5170\u6c42\u7ecf\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u4e4b\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>13\u4e16\u7eaa\u7d20\u53ef\u6cf0\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5170\u7518\u4ea8\u56fd\u738b\uff08Ramkhamhaeng\uff0c1275-1298\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u4e13\u95e8\u4ece\u9521\u5170\u8bf7\u6765\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u9ad8\u50e7\uff0c\u5728\u7d20\u53ef\u6cf0\u5730\u533a\u4f20\u6388\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u6212\u5f8b\u548c\u4eea\u8f68\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u53d6\u4ee3\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u4e0e\u5927\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u5bc6\u6559\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u6559\u3002\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559\u4ea6\u79f0\u201c\u5c0f\u4e58\u4f5b\u6559\u201d\uff0c\u6559\u4e49\u6bd4\u8f83\u63a5\u8fd1\u539f\u59cb\u4f5b\u6559\u3002\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559\u628a\u91ca\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c\u770b\u6210\u662f\u6559\u7956\u548c\u4f20\u6559\u5e08\uff0c\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u4fee\u6301\u4e0a\u6ce8\u91cd\u7985\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u770b\u91cd\u65e9\u671f\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u6212\u5f8b\u3002\u7d20\u53ef\u6cf0\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u4ee3\u56fd\u738b\u5229\u6cf0\u738b\uff08Lithai,1347-1368\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u4ece\u9521\u5170\u8bf7\u6765\u6212\u5e08\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u738b\u53d7\u6212\u51fa\u5bb6\u4e3e\u884c\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u6bcf\u4f4d\u56fd\u738b\u90fd\u8981\u51fa\u5bb6\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e60\u4fd7\u6cbf\u88ad\u81f3\u4eca\u3002\u5229\u6cf0\u738b\u8457\u6709\u300a\u4e09\u754c\u8bba\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u8bba\u8ff0\u6b32\u754c\u3001\u8272\u754c\u548c\u65e0\u8272\u754c\u7684\u4e09\u754c\u8f6e\u56de\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6cf0\u4eba\u6240\u8457\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u51431350\u5e74\uff0c\u4e4c\u901a\u738b\u6218\u80dc\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u7d20\u53ef\u6cf0\u738b\u671d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u963f\u745c\u9640\u8036\u738b\u671d\u3002\u5728\u963f\u745c\u9640\u8036\u738b\u671d\uff0c\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559\u975e\u5e38\u5174\u76db\uff0c\u5176\u7a0b\u5ea6\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u53d1\u6e90\u5730\u9521\u5170\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u8fd8\u66fe\u5e94\u9521\u5170\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u6d3e\u9ad8\u50e7\u5230\u9521\u5170\u4f20\u6559\uff0c\u5728\u9521\u5170\u5efa\u7acb\u50e7\u8fe6\u56e2\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u9521\u5170\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66b9\u7f57\u65b0\u6559\u6d3e\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4f18\u79bb\u5a46\u6d3e\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u6d3e\u5f53\u4eca\u5728\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4f5b\u6559\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u5728\u5468\u957f\u4ec512\u5343\u7c73\u7684\u5c0f\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u963f\u745c\u9640\u8036\u738b\u671d\u4eac\u90fd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709400\u591a\u5ea7\u5e99\u5b87\u3002\u5e99\u5b87\u5360\u5730\u9762\u79ef\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e0e\u738b\u5bab\u8fde\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1782\u5e74\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u66fc\u8c37\u738b\u671d\u5efa\u7acb\u540e\uff0c\u5386\u4efb\u56fd\u738b\u90fd\u5c0a\u5d07\u4f5b\u6559\u3002\u5982\u66fc\u8c37\u738b\u671d\u62c9\u739b\u4e8c\u4e16\uff08RamaII\uff0c1809-1824\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u5728\u4f4d\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f5b\u6559\u7528\u8bed\u4e3a\u5df4\u5229\u6587\uff0c1793\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6240\u4f5b\u6559\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u62c9\u739b\u56db\u4e16\uff08RamaIV,1851-1868\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u767b\u57fa\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e91\u6e38\u56db\u6d77\u7684\u50e7\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u6cd5\u5b97\u6d3e\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u5f00\u5c71\u9f3b\u7956\u3002\u6cd5\u5b97\u6d3e\u6212\u5f8b\u4e25\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u624b\u4e0d\u5f97\u6cbe\u91d1\u94f6\u5b9d\u7269\u3001\u884c\u5fc5\u8d64\u8db3\u7b49\u3002\u6cd5\u5b97\u6d3e\u548c\u5927\u5b97\u6d3e\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u95e8\u6d3e\u3002\u62c9\u739b\u56db\u4e16\u7528\u5df4\u5229\u6587\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u7ed3\u754c\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u6df1\u53d7\u4f5b\u6559\u754c\u7684\u63a8\u5d07\u3002\u62c9\u739b\u4e94\u4e16\uff08RamaV\uff0c1868-1910\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u5168\u9762\u63a8\u884c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u88ab\u6cf0\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5c0a\u79f0\u4e3a&#8221;\u5927\u5e1d\u201d\u3002\u62c9\u739b\u4e94\u4e16\u5c0a\u5d07\u4f5b\u6559\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eb2\u4e34\u5370\u5ea6\u671d\u793c\u4f5b\u9640\u80dc\u8ff9\u3002\u4ed6\u521b\u529e\u739b\u54c8\u8499\u56fa\u4f5b\u6559\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u6cd5\u773c\u300b\u4f5b\u5b66\u6708\u520a\uff0c\u520a\u5370\u300a\u4e09\u85cf\u7ecf\u300bW00\u90e8\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u9001\u6b27\u7f8e\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u3002\u62c9\u739b\u516d\u4e16\uff08RamaVI,1910-1925\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u4eb2\u81ea\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u4e24\u672c\u4f5b\u6559\u8bfb\u672c\uff1a\u300a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4f5b\u9640\u7684\u6b63\u89c9\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5411\u7ae5\u5b50\u519b\u8bf4\u6cd5\u300b\u3002\u62c9\u739b\u4e03\u4e16\uff08RamaVD,1925-1935\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u66fe\u520a\u5370\u300a\u66b9\u7f57\u5927\u85cf\u7ecf\u300b1500\u90e8\uff0c\u6bcf\u90e845\u518c\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u9996\u5efa\u4f5b\u6559\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5956\u91d1\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u62c9\u739b\u516b\u4e16\uff08RamaMD,1935-1946\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u4eff\u7167\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5efa\u7acb\u50e7\u5b98\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u592e\u5230\u5730\u65b9\u90fd\u6709\u7ba1\u7406\u50e7\u4fa3\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u673a\u6784\u3002\u62c9\u739b\u4e5d\u4e16\uff08RamaK\uff0c1946\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\u5728\u4f4d\uff09\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5728\u4f4d\u65f6\u95f4\u6700\u957f\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e1957\u5e74\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e3e\u884c\u5c0a\u91ca\u6d85\u69c32500\u5468\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c1994\u5e74\u6d3e\u4e13\u673a\u606d\u8fce\u4e2d\u56fd\u9655\u897f\u6cd5\u95e8\u5bfa\u73cd\u85cf\u7684\u4f5b\u6307\u820d\u5229\u81f3\u4f5b\u7edf\u5e9c\uff08\u5373\u90a3\u7a7a\u5df4\u7edf\u5e9c\uff09\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u57ce\uff0c\u4f9b\u5584\u7537\u4fe1\u5973\u53c2\u62dc\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u4f5b\u6559\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4ef6\u5927\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u7b49\u7ea7\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u50e7\u4fa3\u7cfb\u7edf\u5212\u5206\u4e3a4\u4e2a\u5927\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5927\u4e0a\u5ea7\u4e3a\u533a\u57df\u9996\u957f\uff0c\u533a\u57df\u4e0b\u8bbe18\u4e2a\u90e8\u57df\uff0c\u7ba1\u8f963~4\u4e2a\u5e9c\u3002\u50e7\u4fa3\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9886\u8896\u4e3a\u50e7\u738b\uff0c\u50e7\u738b\u4e0b\u6709\u526f\u50e7\u738b\u3002\u50e7\u4fa3\u5206\u6c99\u5f25\u548c\u6bd4\u4e18\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u6709\u6743\u4ece\u6709\u540d\u671b\u7684\u5927\u957f\u8001\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u4e00\u540d\u5fb7\u9ad8\u671b\u91cd\u8005\u4e3a\u50e7\u738b\uff1b\u653f\u5e9c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4eba\u4e8b\u6743\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u6743\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5236\u7ea6\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u89c4\u5b9a\u50e7\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u6c99\u5f25\u3001\u6bd4\u4e18\u53ca\u4fee\u9053\u8005\u4e0d\u5f97\u884c\u4f7f\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u4e0b\u5c5e\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u5385\u8d1f\u8d23\u534f\u8c03\u5404\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u50e7\u4fa3\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u5385\u7684\u5385\u957f\u4efb\u9ad8\u50e7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u8981\u62e8\u51fa\u5de8\u989d\u7ecf\u8d39\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u5ba3\u4f20\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5bfa\u5e99\u7684\u4fee\u7f2e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1933\u5e74\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5f18\u6cd5\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u6539\u7528\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c1960\u5e74\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u603b\u90e8\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u670970\u4e2a\u5206\u4f1a\u3002\u8be5\u4f1a\u7684\u4f1a\u957f\u957f\u671f\u62c5\u4efb\u4e16\u754c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u8054\u8c0a\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u6709\u4e24\u6240\u4f5b\u6559\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u9664\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u4f5b\u6559\u77e5\u8bc6\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b66\u4e60\u73b0\u4ee3\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u30021958\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u5927\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u5021\u5bfc\u201c\u661f\u671f\u65e5\u4f5b\u6559\u5b66\u6821\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4f11\u606f\u65e5\u4e3a\u5e02\u6c11\u4e3e\u529e\u4f5b\u6559\u8bb2\u5ea7\uff0c\u4e3e\u884c\u5243\u5ea6\u51fa\u5bb6\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u4f5b\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u53d1\u626c\u4f5b\u6559\u6587\u5316\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u50e7\u4fa3\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u4f5b\u6559\u754c\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u8d44\u5386\u548c\u5b66\u5386\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u50e7\u4fa3\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u3002\u5f53\u4e8610\u5e74\u50e7\u4fa3\u7684\u4eba\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u957f\u8001\u3002\u50e7\u4fa3\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc73\u6b21\u521d\u7ea7\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6d85\u63a2\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8003\u8bd5\u53ca\u683c\u540e\u8be5\u50e7\u4fa3\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u514d\u670d\u5175\u5f79\u3002\u50e7\u4fa3\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u4f5b\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u4e03\u7ea7\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5168\u804c\u50e7\u4fa3\u5916\uff0c\u5bfa\u5e99\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u89c1\u4e60\u50e7\u4fa3\u548c\u6c99\u5f25\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u5e74\u8f7b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u572820\u5c81\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3002\u6c99\u5f25\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u66ff\u50e7\u4fa3\u548c\u89c1\u4e60\u50e7\u4fa3\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u6253\u626b\u536b\u751f\u3001\u4ee3\u529e\u4e8b\u52a1\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u50e7\u9662\u751f\u6d3b\u975e\u5e38\u5355\u8c03\u523b\u677f\u3002\u6bcf\u5929\u6e05\u6668\u50e7\u4fa3\u4eec\u8981\u5230\u5bfa\u5e99\u5916\u53bb\u5316\u7f18\uff0c\u5316\u7f18\u5f97\u6765\u7684\u98df\u7269\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u3002\u50e7\u4fa3\u6bcf\u5929\u5403\u4e24\u987f\u996d\uff0c\u6b63\u5348\u4ee5\u540e\u4e0d\u518d\u8fdb\u98df\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u50e7\u9662\u7684\u6212\u5f8b\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u670927\u6761\uff0c\u5982\u6212\u6740\u751f\u3001\u6212\u5077\u76d7\u3001\u6212\u8bf4\u8c0e\u3001\u6212\u6b3a\u8bc8\u3001\u6212\u996e\u9152\u3001\u6212\u5feb\u6b65\u767b\u697c\u3001\u6212\u5403\u4e1c\u897f\u65f6\u53d1\u51fa\u54cd\u58f0\u3001\u6212\u591a\u7a7f\u8863\uff08\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc73\u4ef6\uff09\u3001\u6212\u7ad9\u7740\u5c0f\u4fbf\u3001\u6212\u4e0e\u5973\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u3001\u6212\u6b4c\u821e\u3001\u6212\u7761\u9ad8\u5e8a\u7b49\u3002\u8fdd\u53cd\u6212\u5f8b\u8005\uff0c\u8981\u53d7\u5230\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u8005\u5c06\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u6559\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u5b69\u5b50\u51fa\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u8981\u8bf7\u9ad8\u50e7\u4ee3\u53d6\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u5b69\u5b50\u5230\u4e8611~15\u5c81\u65f6\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u8981\u8bf7\u50e7\u4eba\u4e3a\u5176\u4e3e\u884c\u524a\u53d1\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b69\u5b50\u8fdb\u4eba\u4e86\u4eba\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9636\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0a\u81f3\u56fd\u738b\uff0c\u4e0b\u81f3\u9ece\u6c11\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u5f53\u4e2d\u5fc5\u987b\u5243\u5ea6\u51fa\u5bb6\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u624d\u80fd\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u7ed3\u5a5a\u6210\u5bb6\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5c0a\u656c\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u7a77\u4eba\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5230\u4e86\u516d\u4e03\u5c81\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bb6\u5ead\u65e0\u529b\u629a\u517b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u9001\u8fdb\u5bfa\u5e99\u505a\u5c0f\u548c\u5c1a\uff0c\u5bfa\u5e99\u8d1f\u8d23\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u81b3\u98df\u3001\u8863\u7740\u548c\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5c0f\u548c\u5c1a\u4eec\u968f\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd8\u4fd7\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u6709\u4e00\u53e5\u4fd7\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u517b\u513f\u4e0d\u51fa\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u4e0d\u517b\u3002\u201d\u51fa\u5bb6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u77ed\u4e0d\u4e00\uff0c\u51e0\u5929\u3001\u51e0\u5468\u3001\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u6216\u51e0\u5e74\u5747\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u50e7\u5165\u5bfa\u8981\u4e3e\u884c\u5243\u5ea6\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u5243\u5ea6\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u5b88\u590f\u8282\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u88ab\u5243\u5ea6\u8005\u8981\u51c6\u5907\u6cd5\u8863\u3001\u50e7\u94b5\u3001\u5243\u5200\u3001\u9488\u3001\u8170\u5e26\u3001\u6c34\u6876\u7b496\u4ef6\u6cd5\u5668\u3002\u4eea\u5f0f\u524d\u768415\u5929\uff0c\u88ab\u5243\u5ea6\u8005\u5c31\u5f97\u8ddf\u4ece\u4e00\u4f4d\u50e7\u4fa3\u5b66\u4e60\u5243\u5ea6\u4eea\u5f0f\u3002\u88ab\u5243\u5ea6\u8005\u8fd9\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7eb3\u8fe6\u3002\u6b63\u5f0f\u5243\u5ea6\u7684\u524d\u4e00\u65e5\u6e05\u6668\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8981\u658b\u50e7\uff0c\u5bb4\u8bf7\u5bbe\u5ba2\uff1b\u508d\u665a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8bf5\u8bb2\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u517b\u80b2\u4e4b\u6069\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5929\uff0c\u4e3e\u884c\u76db\u5927\u7684\u7eb3\u8fe6\u6e38\u884c\u3002\u51fa\u5bb6\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u7537\u5b50\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6e38\u884c\u4eea\u5f0f\u663e\u5f97\u65e2\u9686\u91cd\u53c8\u70ed\u95f9\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u5bbe\u5ba2\u8981\u6c90\u6d74\u66f4\u8863\uff0c\u624b\u6301\u9c9c\u82b1\u3002\u88ab\u5243\u5ea6\u8005\u8eab\u7a7f\u767d\u8272\u8863\u670d\uff0c\u9a91\u7740\u9a6c\u6216\u5927\u8c61\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u624b\u6367\u8888\u88df\uff0c\u7236\u4eb2\u624b\u6367\u50e7\u94b5\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4eb2\u53cb\u6253\u7740\u6cd5\u6247\u3001\u82b1\u4f1e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3e\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u65bd\u820d\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u961f\u4f0d\u4ee5\u88c5\u626e\u6210\u9053\u58eb\u3001\u91ce\u517d\u7684\u620f\u73ed\u4e3a\u524d\u5bfc\uff0c\u6d69\u6d69\u8361\u8361\u5411\u5bfa\u5e99\u8d70\u53bb\u3002\u6e38\u884c\u961f\u4f0d\u5230\u8fbe\u5bfa\u5e99\u540e\uff0c\u7ed5\u884c\u5bfa\u5e99\u4e09\u5708\uff0c\u7eb3\u8fe6\u5728\u5e99\u524d\u70e7\u9999\u62dc\u4f5b\u3002\u5243\u5ea6\u4eea\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u5243\u5ea6\u8005\u8dea\u62dc\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ece\u7236\u6bcd\u624b\u4e2d\u63a5\u8fc7\u50e7\u94b5\u548c\u8888\u88df\uff0c\u53cc\u624b\u5408\u5341\u6367\u7740\u8888\u88df\u5411\u6cd5\u5e08\u8bf7\u6c42\u5243\u5ea6\u4e3a\u50e7\u3002\u5243\u53d1\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u5243\u5ea6\u8005\u66f4\u6362\u50e7\u8863\uff0c\u6cd5\u5e08\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5217\u4eba\u50e7\u7c4d\uff0c\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u53d7\u5243\u5ea6\u8005\u6210\u4e3a\u6b63\u5f0f\u6bd4\u4e18\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u5243\u5ea6\u4eea\u5f0f\u7684\u50e7\u4eba\u970010\u4f4d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u4f7f\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u4eab\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u6709\u4e49\u52a1\u6276\u6301\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u516c\u5171\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u738b\u5ba4\u5bf9\u4f5b\u6559\u975e\u5e38\u8654\u8bda\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7687\u5bb6\u4f5b\u5bfa\uff0c\u4f9b\u517b\u7740\u4e00\u5927\u6279\u50e7\u4fa3\u3002\u6bcf\u9022\u4f5b\u6559\u8282\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u5168\u5bb6\u5fc5\u5230\u4f5b\u5730\u819c\u62dc\uff0c\u658b\u50e7\u5e03\u65bd\uff0c\u53d1\u613f\u7948\u798f\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u8654\u8bda\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7687\u5ba4\u6210\u5458\u5d07\u4f5b\uff0c\u6c11\u95f4\u767e\u59d3\u7ade\u76f8\u6548\u4eff\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u591a\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u5e76\u5b58\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u5927\u5927\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u6700\u9ad8\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u9009\u51fa\u7ec8\u8eab\u5236\u7684\u50e7\u738b\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6cf0\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5728\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u603b\u7406\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5217\u7b2c\u4e09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u50e7\u4eba\u904d\u5730\uff0c\u7d20\u6709\u201c\u9ec4\u888d\u4f5b\u56fd\u201d\u4e4b\u79f0\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u50e7\u4fa3\u90fd\u7a7f\u9ec4\u8272\u8888\u88df\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u4eab\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u89c1\u4e86\u51fa\u5bb6\u4eba\u90fd\u8981\u81f4\u793c\uff0c\u800c\u50e7\u4eba\u4e0d\u5fc5\u56de\u793c\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u89c1\u5230\u56fd\u738b\u8981\u8dea\u5730\u89d0\u89c1\uff0c\u800c\u50e7\u4eba\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u56fd\u738b\u5e76\u5750\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u6539\u5236\u4e3a\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u5236\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u843d\u5230\u4e86\u519b\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u50da\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u653f\u6cbb\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u5374\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u52a8\u6447\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u65d7\u4ee5\u767d\u3001\u7ea2\u3001\u84dd\u4e09\u8272\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u767d\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u8c61\u5f81\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u56fd\u65d7\u4e0a\u8bbe\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u8c61\u5f81\u7684\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u524d\u8a00\u662f\u7528\u4f5b\u6559\u754c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u5df4\u5229\u6587\u64b0\u5199\u7684\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7eaa\u5e74\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u4eca\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u901a\u7528\u7684\u516c\u5143\u7eaa\u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f5b\u5386\u7eaa\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u5386\u5c4a\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u7ef4\u7cfb\u7740\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4f5b\u6559\u754c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u5bf9\u653f\u6743\u7684\u5de9\u56fa\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u975e\u5e38\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u5728\u5c01\u5efa\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u5229\u7528\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u6559\u4e49\u795e\u5316\u56fd\u738b\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u88ab\u8bf4\u6210\u662f\u795e\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u6216\u795e\u5728\u4eba\u4e16\u95f4\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5357\u4f20\u5927\u85cf\u7ecf\u5c0f\u90e8\u7ecf\u7684\u6ce8\u758f\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u795e\u5206\u4e3a3\u7c7b\uff1a\u8c61\u5f81\u795e\uff08\u5982\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u738b\u540e\u3001\u738b\u5b50\u3001\u516c\u4e3b\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u5929\u751f\u795e\uff08\u56e0\u5584\u4e1a\u548c\u529f\u5fb7\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5929\u754c\u7684\u5927\u68b5\u5929\u3001\u5e1d\u91ca\u5929\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u7eaf\u6d01\u795e\uff08\u5373\u629b\u5f03\u4e00\u5207\u6b32\u671b\u7684\u795e\uff09\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u56fd\u738b\u662f\u8c61\u5f81\u795e\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u4e0e\u738b\u6743\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u56fd\u738b\u6234\u4e0a\u4e86\u795e\u5723\u7684\u5149\u73af\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7a33\u56fa\u7687\u6743\u8d77\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fdb\u5165\u8fd1\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u540e\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u6709\u6240\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002\u5f53\u6cf0\u56fd\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u5efa\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u73b0\u4ee3\u56fd\u5bb6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u50e7\u4fa3\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u7eb3\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u591a\u6b21\u4fee\u8ba2\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u9881\u5e03\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bf9\u4f5b\u6559\u50e7\u4f3d\u00ae\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u5229\u7528\u6216\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u6212\u5f8b\u53bb\u540c\u5316\u6216\u7edf\u4e00\u5f02\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u4ed6\u52bf\u529b\u7ed9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u5e26\u6765\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c1962\u5e74\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u50e7\u4f3d\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u53ca\u884c\u653f\u533a\u5212\u76f8\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u50e7\u4f3d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u673a\u6784\u662f\u5927\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u8be5\u4f1a\u8bae\u7531\u50e7\u738b\u548c4\u4f4d\u6b63\u8bae\u957f\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u526f\u804c\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5927\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0b\u8f96\u5dde\u3001\u5e9c\u3001\u53bf\u3001\u533a\u5404\u7ea7\u50e7\u4f3d\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u533a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6709\u6751\u5bfa\u548c\u4f4f\u6301\u3002\u50e7\u4f3d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4eff\u6548\u4e16\u4fd7\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u653f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u50e7\u4f3d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u4e24\u6b21\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u5236\u5ea6\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u30021941\u5e74\u6cf0\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u50e7\u4f3d\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u50e7\u4f3d\u4eff\u6548\u8bae\u4f1a\u653f\u5e9c\u5b9e\u884c\u4e09\u6743\u5206\u7acb\uff0c\u50e7\u738b\u4e0b\u8bbe\u8bae\u4f1a\u3001\u50e7\u4f3d\u5185\u9601\u53ca\u50e7\u4f3d\u6cd5\u5ead\u3002\u50e7\u738b\u7531\u603b\u7406\u5e9c\u63d0\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u56fd\u738b\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u7ec8\u8eab\u4efb\u804c\u30021962\u5e74\u6cf0\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u65b0\u50e7\u4f3d\u6cd5\u4ee4\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u50e7\u4f3d\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9769\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u6c99\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u62a4\u7edf\u6cbb\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u4e09\u6743\u5206\u7acb\uff0c\u628a\u8bae\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u6539\u4e3a\u4e2d\u592e\u96c6\u6743\u5236\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u88ab\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u50e7\u738b\u548c\u5927\u957f\u8001\u7684\u624b\u4e2d\u3002\u50e7\u738b\u7531\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u5b97\u6559\u5385\u548c\u5927\u957f\u8001\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u63d0\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u56fd\u738b\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u533a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u50e7\u4f3d\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u9886\u53d6\u653f\u5e9c\u85aa\u91d1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u6b21\u6539\u9769\u90fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u50e7\u4f3d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u50e7\u4f3d\u88ab\u7eb3\u4eba\u4e86\u4ece\u4e2d\u592e\u5230\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5404\u7ea7\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u50da\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u50e7\u4f3d\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e0b\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u5404\u7ea7\u884c\u653f\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u50e7\u4f3d\u79ef\u6781\u534f\u52a9\u6c11\u653f\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u5b98\u5458\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u519b\u4e8b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6c99\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u50e7\u4f3d\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u4efb\u547d\u50e7\u738b\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4ea4\u7ed9\u56fd\u738b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u738b\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c61\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u6700\u540e\u843d\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u4ee4\u628a\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u4f5b\u6559\u7d27\u5bc6\u5730\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5b\u6559\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u662f\u4e2a\u591a\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f31\u5316\u4e86\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9694\u9602\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u5404\u65cf\u4eba\u6c11\u5bf9\u7956\u56fd\u7684\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u5386\u6765\u6c11\u65cf\u7ea0\u7eb7\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6cf0\u65cf\u4eba\u4e0e\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u95ee\u9898\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5b\u6559\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u5b9a\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u82e6\u75db\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u8d2a\u6b32\uff0c\u5f53\u8d2a\u6b32\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u52a8\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u4e89\u6597\u3002\u8981\u65ad\u706d\u4ea7\u751f\u75db\u82e6\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u706d\u9664\u8d2a\u6c42\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5883\u754c\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u662f\u4e2a\u591a\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u81ea1932\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u541b\u4e3b\u7acb\u5baa\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5171\u53d1\u751f\u8fc720\u6b21\u519b\u4e8b\u653f\u53d8\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u53d1\u751f\u57282014\u5e74\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf4\u5e74\u5c31\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u6b21\u653f\u53d8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u53d8\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u5fae\u3002\u653f\u53d8\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5546\u5e97\u7167\u6837\u8425\u4e1a\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6b63\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u4e07\u5343\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u59cb\u7ec8\u7a33\u5b9a\u5982\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5b\u6559\u6587\u5316\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u6e17\u4eba\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5230\u5904\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c1\u5230\u4f5b\u6559\u5bf9\u6cf0\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u70d9\u4e0b\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u662f\u6c11\u95f4\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u5e86\u5178\u90fd\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u4f5b\u6559\u793c\u4eea\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e86\u5178\u3001\u519b\u961f\u7684\u9605\u5175\u5f0f\u3001\u5546\u884c\u5e97\u94fa\u5f00\u5f20\u3001\u5a5a\u793c\u559c\u5e86\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u6709\u4f5b\u6559\u50e7\u4fa3\u5230\u573a\u8bf5\u7ecf\u795d\u798f\uff0c\u4e27\u846c\u796d\u7940\u4e5f\u987b\u7531\u50e7\u4fa3\u8bf5\u7ecf\u8d85\u5ea6\u3002\u50e7\u4fa3\uff08\u6bd4\u4e18\uff09\u4e0d\u5fc5\u52b3\u4f5c\uff0c\u8863\u98df\u6709\u4eba\u5e03\u65bd\u4f9b\u517b\u3002\u6bd4\u4e18\u4eec\u6bcf\u5929\u9664\u5750\u7985\u4fee\u884c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u5411\u4e16\u4eba\u6559\u6388\u7985\u5b9a\uff0c\u5ff5\u9882\u8d5e\u6587\uff0c\u8bb2\u89e3\u4f5b\u6559\u6559\u7406\uff0c\u529d\u4eba\u4eec\u7688\u4f9d\u4e94\u6212\uff0c\u4e50\u4e8e\u5e03\u65bd\uff0c\u70ed\u7231\u6b63\u6cd5\uff0c\u629b\u5f03\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u7684\u70e6\u607c\u548c\u538b\u529b\u3002\u4e94\u6212\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u6212\u5f8b\uff0c\u6307\u4e0d\u6740\u751f\u3001\u4e0d\u5984\u8bed\u3001\u4e0d\u5077\u76d7\u3001\u4e0d\u90aa\u6deb\u3001\u4e0d\u996e\u9152\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u8981\u6c42\u4eba\u4eec\u6548\u5fe0\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u56fd\u738b\u3002\u50e7\u4fa3\u8fd8\u4e3e\u884c\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u5ba3\u8a93\uff0c\u575a\u5b9a\u4f5b\u6559\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u6216\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u51c0\u5316\u201d\u3002\u72af\u4e86\u7f6a\u7684\u50e7\u4fa3\u82e5\u975e\u73b0\u884c\u5211\u4e8b\u72af\uff0c\u987b\u7ecf\u4f5b\u6559\u6700\u9ad8\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u89e3\u4e0b\u50e7\u8863\u540e\uff0c\u519b\u8b66\u624d\u53ef\u5c06\u5176\u62d8\u6355\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u6709\u7740\u975e\u5e38\u795e\u5723\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\u4e5f\u6210\u4e86\u767e\u59d3\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u559c\u5e86\u65e5\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u901a\u7528\u4f5b\u5386\u7eaa\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5ea7\u90e8\u4f5b\u6559\u4f20\u8bf4\u91ca\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c\u6d85\u69c3\u4e4b\u5e74\u5373\u516c\u5143\u524d543\u5e74\u4e3a\u7eaa\u5143\u4e4b\u59cb\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u867d\u7136\u4f7f\u7528\u4f5b\u5386\u7eaa\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u6708\u548c\u65e5\u5219\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u5386\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6cf0\u56fd\u66fe\u7ecf\u4ee5\u9634\u5386\u4e94\u6708\u521d\u4e00\u4e3a\u9634\u5386\u5e74\u9996\u65e5\uff0c\u62c9\u739b\u4e94\u4e16\u57281882\u5e74\u5c06\u5176\u6539\u6210\u516c\u53864\u67081\u65e5\u4e3a\u65b0\u5e74\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u65b0\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0e\u4e16\u754c\u901a\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u5dee\u592a\u8fdc\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u5f80\u591a\u6709\u4e0d\u4fbf\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4ece1941\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u53861\u67081\u65e5\u4e3a\u65b0\u5e74\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c11\u95f4\u62e9\u65e5\u4ecd\u7136\u91c7\u7528\u6cf0\u56fd\u9634\u5386\u7eaa\u6708\u548c\u7eaa\u65e5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u65e5\u5386\u4e2d\u516c\u5386\u548c\u9634\u5386\u540c\u65f6\u5e76\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\uff0c\u5982\u9634\u5386\u4e8c\u6708\u4e03\u65e5\u548c\u4e5d\u65e5\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559\u8fce\u6e7f\u5a46\u795e\u66f0\u3001\u9634\u5386\u4e8c\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u65e5\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559\u8fce\u6e7f\u5974\u795e\u65e5\u3001\u9634\u5386\u516d\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u65e5\u4f5b\u9640\u706b\u846c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u65e5\u3001\u9634\u5386\u516b\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\u4f5b\u9640\u963f\u6c99\u837c\u8282\u3001\u9634\u5386\u5341\u6708\u5341\u4e94\u65e5\u796d\u7940\u7956\u5148\u7684\u4e2d\u5143\u8282\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8282\u65e5\u3002\u4e09\u6708\u7684\u4e07\u4f5b\u8282\u3001\u516d\u6708\u7684\u4f5b\u8bde\u8282\u3001\u4e03\u6708\u7684\u5b88\u590f\u8282\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u662f\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8282\u5047\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5b\u6559\u4e0e\u6cf0\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u5bc6\u5207\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u662f\u4e2a\u519c\u4e1a\u56fd\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u519c\u6751\u53d1\u5c55\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u843d\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u8bbe\u65bd\u4e0d\u5065\u5168\u3002\u4f5b\u5bfa\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u6559\u80b2\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u50e7\u4eba\u7ec4\u6210\u82e5\u5e72\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u5206\u8d74\u5168\u56fd\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5411\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u91ca\u4f5b\u6559\u6559\u7406\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u50e7\u4eba\u8fd8\u5ba3\u4f20\u73b0\u4ee3\u519c\u4e1a\u6280\u672f\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u5e38\u8bc6\u3001\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u7b49\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7a77\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u5386\u6765\u6ce8\u610f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u9053\u89c2\u201d\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e2d\u9053\u89c2\u4ea6\u4e3a&#8221;\u7a7a\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u6240\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u96f6\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7a7a\u65e0&#8221;\u6216\u201c\u7f3a\u9664\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u53ef\u7528\u8a00\u8bed\u63cf\u8ff0\u6216\u7528\u6982\u5ff5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u5b9e\u5728\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u8fc7\u4e16\u4fd7\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u4eba\u95f4\u7684\u5b89\u4e50\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6c89\u6eba\u4e8e\u201c\u7231\u201d\u7684\u504f\u9887\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u5bb6\u82e6\u4fee\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6298\u78e8\u8089\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u627e\u201c\u82e6\u201d\u5403\u4e4b\u504f\u9887\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7686\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d6\uff0c\u7686\u4e0d\u53ef\u6267\u7740\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0d\u504f\u5411\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u7684&#8221;\u4e2d\u9053\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u6446\u8131\u75db\u82e6\u3002\u201c\u4e2d\u9053\u89c2\u201d\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e16\u95f4\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u5747\u8861\u3001\u4e0d\u8d70\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6d88\u9664\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4ea7\u4e1a\u95f4\u3001\u5730\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u5747\u8861\u53d1\u5c55\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd8\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5b83\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u65c5\u6e38\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u521b\u6c47\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u8282\u65e5\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f\u7b49\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u9ec4\u888d\u4f5b\u56fd\u201d\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u666f\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4f5b\u6559\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u66fe\u5148\u540e\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u8001\u631d\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7b49\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4f5b\u5bfa\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8001\u631d\u3001\u67ec\u57d4\u5be8\u7b49\u56fd\u7684\u50e7\u4f3d\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6cf0\u56fd\u76f8\u4eff\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u4e5f\u4e0e\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u5b97\u6d3e\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u3001\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u7b49\u56fd\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u6cf0\u56fd\u50e7\u4fa3\u7684\u8db3\u8ff9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6350\u6b3e\u4fee\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u5bfa\u9662\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u754c\u4e0e\u65e5\u672c\u4f5b\u6559\u754c\u7684\u6765\u5f80\u4e5f\u8f83\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u4ea4\u6d41\u6e90\u8fdc\u6d41\u957f\u30021975\u5e74\u4e2d\u6cf0\u5efa\u4ea4\u540e\uff0c\u4e24\u56fd\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u4ea4\u6d41\u66f4\u52a0\u5bc6\u5207\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1958\u5e74\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u8054\u8c0a\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e94\u5c4a\u5927\u4f1a\u66fe\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u9996\u90fd\u66fc\u8c37\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c\u4e3a\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u91cd\u89c6\u652f\u6301\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u7684\u4f5b\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6cf0\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u754c\u5411\u56fd\u5916\u5f18\u6cd5\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e5f\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u50e7\u4eba\u5728\u6b27\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u5bfa\u9662\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u60c5\uff0c\u5927\u80c6\u8fdb\u884c\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u4f7f\u4f5b\u6559\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u4e3a\u6b27\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u6c11\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1963\u5e74\uff0c\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u7f05\u7538\u4ef0\u5149\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u8054\u8c0a\u4f1a\u56e0\u7f05\u7538\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u8054\u8c0a\u4f1a\u603b\u90e8\u8fc1\u5f80\u66fc\u8c37\u7684\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u534f\u4f1a\u603b\u90e8\u30021969\u5e74\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5212\u51fa\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u62e8\u51fa\u4e13\u6b3e300\u4e07\u6cf0\u94e2\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u8054\u8c0a\u4f1a\u603b\u90e8\u4fee\u5efa\u5927\u697c\u3002\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u8054\u8c0a\u4f1a\u603b\u90e8\u6c38\u4e45\u8bbe\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u8054\u8c0a\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u7531\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u62c5\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1976\u5e74\u548c1980\u5e74\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u53c8\u4e24\u6b21\u5728\u9996\u90fd\u66fc\u8c37\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u8054\u8c0a\u4f1a\u5927\u4f1a\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4f5b\u6559\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f5b\u6559\u5f92\u4e3a\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u8c6a\u3002\u4f5b\u6559\u8ba9\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u6cf0\u56fd\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bfa\u5e99\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u50e7\u4fa3\u904d\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f5b\u5bfa\u3001\u4f5b\u9662\u3001\u4f5b\u5854\u5982\u6797\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6751\u6751\u6709\u4f5b\u5bfa\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u5171\u6709\u5bfa\u5e993\u4e07\u591a\u5ea7\uff0c\u50e7\u4fa330\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u5bfa\u5e99\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5927\u7684\u5bfa\u5e99\u6709\u50e7\u4fa3600\u4eba\uff0c\u5c0f\u7684\u5bfa\u5e99\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u4e94\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u5bfa\u5e99\u7531\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u50e7\u4fa3\u751f\u6d3b\u8d77\u5c45\u7684\u50e7\u820d\u548c\u5ff5\u7ecf\u7684\u4f5b\u5802\u3002\u5927\u7684\u4f5b\u5bfa\u8bbe\u6709\u4f9b\u5949\u4f5b\u50cf\u7684\u4f5b\u6bbf\u3001\u653e\u6709\u820d\u5229\u7684\u4f5b\u5854\u3001\u85cf\u7ecf\u9601\u3001\u8bb2\u7ecf\u5802\u3001\u706b\u846c\u573a\u3001\u949f\u5854\u3001\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3001\u5b66\u6821\u7b49\u3002\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6cf0\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u7684\u5bfa\u5e99\u6709180\u5ea7\uff0c\u5bfa\u5e99\u5efa\u7b51\u89c4\u6a21\u5b8f\u5927\uff0c\u5b58\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4f5b\u6559\u827a\u672f\u7cbe\u54c1\u3002<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u4e60\u4fd7<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u6cf0\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u62e5\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u56fd\u6559\u7684\u663e\u8d6b\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b97\u6559\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u5e2d\u4e4b\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u7ea6\u67095%\u7684\u4eba\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u3002\u4fe1\u5949\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u5c45\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9a6c\u6765\u8840\u7edf\u6cf0\u4eba\u548c\u5916\u56fd\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u4e3b\u8981\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e0e\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u4ea4\u754c\u5904\u7684\u6cf0\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u90a3\u62c9\u60d5\u74e6\u5e9c\u3001\u4e5f\u62c9\u5e9c\u3001\u6c99\u6566\u5e9c\u548c\u5317\u5927\u5e74\u5e9c\u3002\u5728\u8fd94\u5e9c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768470%\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u9664\u6cf0\u56fd\u5357\u90e84\u5e9c\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u4e5f\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5f92\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u6d3e\u5225\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u900a\u5c3c\u6d3e\uff0c99%\u7684\u6559\u5f92\u5c5e\u4e8e\u900a\u5c3c\u6d3e\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u5171\u67092300\u591a\u5ea7\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u548c200\u591a\u6240\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u9996\u90fd\u66fc\u8c37\u8fd8\u6709\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u5b66\u9662\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u7ea6\u6709300\u591a\u4e07\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u662f13\u4e16\u7eaa\u7531\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5546\u4eba\u4f20\u5165\u7684\uff0c\u5230\u963f\u745c\u9640\u8036\u738b\u671d\u65f6\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5f53\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u6559\u5f92\u4e5f\u5174\u5efa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u300217\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u58f0\u52bf\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4f5b\u6559\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u8f83\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u66fc\u8c37\u738b\u671d\u7684\u62c9\u739b\u56db\u4e16\u56fd\u738b\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u6392\u65a5\u5f02\u6559\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u5efa\u7acb\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u8499\u56fa\u56fd\u738b\u66fe\u7ecf\u8d44\u52a9\u5c06\u300a\u53e4\u5170\u7ecf\u300b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u6cf0\u6587\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u4e3a\u4fee\u5efa\u548c\u7ef4\u4fee\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d44\u91d1\u30021963\u5e74\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u62e8\u6b3e\u4fee\u5efa\u5728\u5317\u5927\u5e74\u5e9c\u7684\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\uff0c\u8be5\u5bfa\u662f\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u5730\u533a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6e05\u771f\u5bfa\u3002\u56fd\u738b\u6216\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7a46\u65af\u6797\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u9022\u53e4\u5c14\u90a6\u8282\u548c\u5f00\u658b\u8282\u53ef\u4eab\u53d7\u5168\u5929\u4f11\u5047\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u4e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u534a\u5929\u505a\u793c\u62dc\uff0c\u5230\u9ea6\u52a0\u53bb\u671d\u5723\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d74\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u5047\u671f\u3002\u5728\u7a46\u65af\u6797\u805a\u5c45\u533a\uff0c\u4f0a\u65af\u5170\u6559\u6cd5\u662f\u5904\u7406\u5c45\u6c11\u5185\u90e8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u9886\u8896\u5c31\u662f\u6cd5\u5b98\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u57fa\u7763\u6559<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4f20\u4eba\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8f83\u665a\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4f20\u4eba\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u5206\u4e0d\u5f00\u3002\u5927\u7ea6\u572816\u4e16\u7eaa\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6b96\u6c11\u8005\u4eba\u4fb5\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u65f6\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u4f20\u4eba\u6cf0\u56fd\u300217\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u4e0a\u5c42\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u300217\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u963f\u745c\u9640\u8036\u738b\u671d\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53d1\u5c55\u53d7\u5230\u904f\u5236\u30021767\u5e74\uff0c\u7f05\u7538\u519b\u961f\u653b\u5360\u4e86\u963f\u745c\u9640\u8036\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u5927\u6253\u51fb\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u66fc\u8c37\u738b\u671d\u62c9\u739b\u56db\u4e16\u5373\u4f4d\u540e\uff0c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u6d3b\u52a8\u624d\u6709\u6240\u6062\u590d\u3002\u65b0\u6559\u4f20\u5165\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4ec5150\u591a\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6309\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6559\u4f1a\u3001\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u798f\u97f3\u673a\u6784\u7686\u5f52\u5b97\u6559\u5385\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6cf0\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u5385\u53ea\u627f\u8ba4\u5982\u4e0b3\u4e2a\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u5408\u6cd5\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eab\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u603b\u4f1a(ChurchofChristInThailand)\u8be5\u4f1a\u662f\u6cf0\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ee5\u6cf0\u56fd\u672c\u5730\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e3a\u8f85\u3002\u6309\u5730\u57df\u6216\u79cd\u65cf\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u8be5\u4f1a\u5171\u5206\u4e3a19\u4e2a\u533a\u3002\u5176\u4e2d7\u533a\u4ee5\u957f\u8001\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u7ea68000\u4eba\uff1b12\u533a\u4ee5\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u7ea61.2\u4e07\u4eba\uff1b\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u6559\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c6\u533a\u62c9\u80e1\u65cf\u7ea6\u6709\u4fe1\u5f923300\u4eba\uff0c16\u533a\u963f\u5361\u65cf\u7ea6\u67093500\u4eba\uff0c19\u533a\u82d7\u65cf\u7ea6\u67093.5\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u603b\u4f1a\u73b0\u6709\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5e03\u9053\u6240906\u4e2a\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u7ea613\u4e07\uff0c\u53e6\u67095\u5bb6\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u533b\u9662\u30011\u6240\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6e05\u8fc8\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u30013\u6240\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u8054\u4f1a(EvangelicalFellowshipofThailand)\u8be5\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u4f1a\u7684\u673a\u6784\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5e03\u9053\u62401182\u4e2a\uff0c\u4fe1\u5f92\u4eba\u6570\u7ea6\u67095.7\u4e07\u3002\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4e3b\u8981\u673a\u6784\u6709\u65b0\u79cd\u65cf\u6559\u4f1a\u3001\u5a01\u514b\u7406\u592b\u5723\u7ecf\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f1a\u7b49\uff0c\u53e6\u67091\u6240\u6559\u4f1a\u533b\u9662\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ea610\u6240\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u8be5\u4f1a\u7684\u4f20\u6559\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a(SouthernBaptistChurch)\u8be5\u4f1a\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u5916\u56fd\u4f20\u6559\u58eb\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709\u4fe1\u5f924500\u4eba\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u6559\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5e03\u9053\u624099\u4e2a\uff0c\u5728\u66fc\u8c37\u5efa\u67091\u6240\u795e\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6b63\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u6cf0\u56fd\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u603b\u4f1a12\u533a\u7684\u534e\u4fa8\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u501f\u52a9\u534e\u4fa8\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u6cf0\u56fd\u7f8e\u5357\u6d78\u4fe1\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6559\u4f1a\u672c\u5730\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cf0\u56fd\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\u8fd180\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d60%\u4e3a\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u4e3a\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(\u4e09) \u5370\u5ea6\u6559<\/p>\n<p>\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u662f\u5728\u516c\u51438\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f20\u4eba\u6cf0\u56fd\u7684\u3002\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u7684\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u4fa8\u6c11\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u6709\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u5bfa\u5e9917\u5ea7\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u673a\u6784\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u8fbe\u6469\u5927\u4f1a\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u5174\u529e\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(\u56db) \u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559<\/p>\n<p>\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d3\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f20\u4eba\u6cf0\u56fd\u30025\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\uff0c\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u8fbe\u5230\u9f0e\u76db\uff0c13\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u9010\u6e10\u5f0f\u5fae\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559\u5728\u6cf0\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u5f80\u65e5\u7684\u8f89\u714c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559\u6614\u65e5\u5f71\u54cd\u6cf0\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6cf0\u56fd\u738b\u5bab\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u5927\u6d3b\u52a8\u4ecd\u7136\u6cbf\u7528\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559\u7684\u4eea\u5f0f;\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5bfa\u5e99\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559\u7684\u4f20\u8bf4\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u5a46\u7f57\u95e8\u6559\u4f1a\u3002<sup>[1]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>[1]\u7530\u79be \u5468\u65b9\u6cbb.\u6cf0\u56fd-\u5217\u56fd\u5fd7-\u65b0\u7248[M]. \u5317\u4eac:\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u51fa\u7248\u793e, 2016. 38-40.<\/p>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e00\u3001\u4f5b\u6559\u4e60\u4fd7 \u6cf0\u56fd\u5168\u56fd94%\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4f5b\u6559\uff0c\u4f5b\u6559\u4e3a\u56fd\u6559\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u6709\u50e7\u4fa330\u591a\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7ec8\u751f\u4e3a\u50e7\u3002\u6cf0\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u5bfa\u5e99 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[38,30],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/439"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=439"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1488,"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/439\/revisions\/1488"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/106.55.187.122\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}